第53题选 -考呗网

公共英语四级

单选题第53题选

本题是比较、对照关系题。该空格出现在第三段末尾。空格所在段落以及接下来的两个段落都提到了博厄斯的历史特殊主义理论。从上下文的衔接角度看，似乎空格处内容也应与历史特殊主义理论相关，但分析各选项都没有直接相关的内容。
考生可能会误选B选项，因为提到了Boas，但是此句主要讲述了他为全面研究独特的文化而掌握的学科知识，不符合主题，故排除。第三至五段内容上紧密衔接，因此可以通过分析其上下文关系来确定答案。第四段在前一段提出历史特殊主义理论后，对其作了详细阐述；第五段出现了术语“diffusionism”文化传播论，但并没有说明性文字，因此可以推断在此之前应该提到了这一理论。浏览各选项，A即解释了“diffusionism”：文化创新只有一个来源，然后再从一个社会传播到另一个社会，与历史特殊主义理论的观点相对。且由第五段的“…rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism”得知两种理论的主张正好相反，这样A选项中二者的对照恰为下文进一步阐述其差别埋下了伏笔，使上下文内容连贯、逻辑关系紧密。

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1第54题选

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2第55题选

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3根据下面资料，回答题
56) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern prac-tice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the signifi-cant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always in-complete and scattered； it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an un-derstanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
57 ) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodol-ogies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in ´the historical profession.
58 ) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. His-torians, especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the" technicist fallacy".59)Also common in the natmal sciences,the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
60)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific tech-niques.
第56题答案

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