公共英语四级
简答题根据下面资料，回答题
56) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern prac-tice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the signifi-cant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always in-complete and scattered； it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an un-derstanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
57 ) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodol-ogies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in ´the historical profession.
58 ) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. His-torians, especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the" technicist fallacy".59)Also common in the natmal sciences,the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
60)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific tech-niques.
第56题答案
56) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern prac-tice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the signifi-cant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always in-complete and scattered； it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an un-derstanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
57 ) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodol-ogies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in ´the historical profession.
58 ) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. His-torians, especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the" technicist fallacy".59)Also common in the natmal sciences,the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
60)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific tech-niques.
第56题答案
参考答案：暂无进入在线模考
【译文】几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
【解析】conform to趋向于认为。
【解析】conform to趋向于认为。
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