What is this passage mainly about? -考呗网

公共英语四级

单选题What is this passage mainly about?

A．Disadvantage of face recognition technology．
B．Purposes of face recognition technology．
C．controversial face recognition technology．
D．Effect of face recognition technology．

参考答案：C进入在线模考

文章讲述了警察局对这项技术非常谨慎，为监视摄像机的使用做了充分准备，但收效甚微。所以反对这项技术的人非常多。有人认为它是潜在的威胁，有人认为会侵犯守法公民，但马伦认为这个系统最终会和其他城市，其他州和联邦的执法部门连在一起跟踪罪犯和可疑的恐怖分子。所以说这项技术充满争议。因此选C。

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1根据下面资料，回答题
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British natural-ist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. (51)_____
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology--the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefsthus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work,he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.
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In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas develop oped a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particuladsm, which em-phasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (53) _____
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.
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Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American an-thropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropolo-gists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theoryof culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. (55) _____
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to rein-force social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture be-came a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
A． Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single ori-gin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
B． In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguis-tics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and a-natomy.
C． He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
D．They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people´ s social structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children´ s entrance into adulthood.
E． Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of mar-riage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
F． Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
G． For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J. Perry incorrectly sugges-ted, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
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