We can learn from the fourth paragraph that

A．a substantial cut in annual revenue is called for．

B．defense and social welfare programs should undergo cuts．

C．we should leave intact programs for bettering people’s living．

D．we should exercise less control over monetary policy．

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参考答案

答案解析

该题为细节题。根据第四段第四句“To be significant，the l981 budget should be cut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed．”可以看出，为了显著改善通货膨胀情况，1981年卡特总统提议的6160亿的政府预算应该至少减少200亿，即应该大量减少税收来改善通货膨胀情况，故A项符合文意；根据第四段最后一句…It’s impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living．”可以看出，我们不可能通过减少国防投入和节省改善大众生活条件项目的资金来减少政府预算，故B项的表述错误；第四段没有关于如何改善人民生活的表述，故不选择C项；根据第四段第一句“You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint．”可以看出，为了控制通货膨胀，我们应该增强对税收及货币政策的限制，而D项的表述与文意相反，故不选择D项。

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1 The phrase“special sectors”(1ine l，paragraph 7)most probably refers to

A．energy，food and housing．

B．indexed programs．

C．social security and food stamps．

D．large corporations and labor settlements．

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2 What is the text mainly about?

A．The defect of US monetary system．

B．The causes of ever—worsening inflation in the US．

C．Prospects for the US economic situation．

D．A comprehensive settlement of inflation in the US．

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3 根据下面资料，回答题
For centuries the most valuable of African resources for Europeans were the slaves, but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa´s traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument, however, can be carded too far. In the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that "cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms, including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was--the exploitation and control of human beings. "Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up their fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains wailing along the coasts.
Granting all this, the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed with-in Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social, as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely eco- nomic considerations,and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior, and therefore des-tined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans´ use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued,for instance ,that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.
In the first paragraph．the author argues that

A．the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves。

B．slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature．

C．the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless．

D．slaves had been treated even more cruelly in the African tradition．

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