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单选题 公共英语四级
2009-08-07

根据下列文章,请回答题。  Text 3
  The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by "light dues" levied (征收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.
  The first eight lanterns erected on the West Coast in the 1850's featured the same basic New England design:a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高处), enormous towers were not the rule. Some of them were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some of them stood on pilings or stilts; others were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina,which was lit in 1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
  Notwithstanding differences in construction appearence, most lighthouses in America shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell (or later a foghorn). They also had quarters, and something else in common: a keeper and usually the keeper's family. The keeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯) in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every industry -- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands -- and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Light house Board, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.The Lighthouse on Little Brewster Islan
B.The Life of a Lighthouse Keepe
C.Early Lighthouses in the United State
D.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-keepin

参考答案

C

答案解析

  新世界最初为航行照明的灯光大概来自挂在港口入口处的灯笼。第一座灯塔是马萨诸塞海湾殖民地于1716年建立的,位于波士顿港口入口处的小布鲁斯特岛上。最初的灯塔通过从过往船只征收的“灯塔费”支付其服务和维护费用,它于l776年被炸毁。到那时为止在这些殖民地只有大约十几座真正的灯塔。仅仅一个世纪以后,就有了700座灯塔。
  19世纪50年代竖立在西海岸的最早的8个灯笼是以新英格兰的基本设计样式为特色的:高塔被建立在科德角半岛的中心或紧靠中心的位置。而在新英格兰和其他地区,灯塔设计却反映出各种各样的建筑风格。因为东北部大多数灯塔站都建在不平稳的高处,巨大的塔身可不符合这个规则。有的用石块和砖瓦建造,也有的用木头或金属建造。有的立在堆积物上或用桩子支撑;有的用铁棍固定在岩石上。再往南,从马里兰到佛罗里达群岛,海岸低矮而且被沙子覆盖。这里通常需要建高塔,就像于1870年点燃的处于北卡罗林纳州哈特勒斯角灯塔一样有巨大的塔身结构。此塔高190英尺,是这个国家最高的用砖建成的灯塔。
  尽管建筑外观不同,大多数美国灯塔有几个共同特征:都有一盏灯。居住区,有的还有铃铛(或者晚些时候出现的雾角)。它们还都有营房和另一个共同的东西:负责看管灯塔的人,通常还有他的家人。他的基本任务是修剪灯芯以保证有稳定明亮的灯火。最早的看护人来自各个行业,有海员、农民、技师或粗野的工人,而且这个职位是作为行政工作由海关长官来分派的。1852年美国灯塔委员会和财政部办事处接手负责灯塔的管理后,看护人的队伍就逐渐变得高度专业化了。
  答案及解析
  【解析】选项A:小布鲁斯特岛的灯塔。这只是第一个灯塔建立的地方。选项B和D:灯塔看守人全文只在最后提到了。

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