In some rural communities of emerging economies, people have begun to ___________.

A．find digital devices simply indispensable

B．communicate primarily by mobile phone

C．light their homes with stored solar energy

D．distribute power with wires and wooden poles

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参考答案

答案解析

根据题干中的rural communities of emerging economies定位到文章第四段最后两句：In emerging economies．rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power．Instead，some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in bakeries．
事实细节题。定位句指出，在新兴经济体中，乡村社区直接绕开了传输电力的电线和木质电
线杆，取而代之的是，一些非洲和亚洲的乡村社区见证了他们的第一批电灯由储存在电池里的太阳能点亮。故答案为C。
A.“发现数字设备不可或缺”和B.“主要通过手机来交流”，在原文中均没有提及，故排除；D.“使用电线和木质电线杆来传输电力”，与原文表述相反，故排除。

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2 What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?

A．It might become a thing of the past.

B．It might turn out to be a "prosumer".

C．It will be easier to operate and maintain.

D．It will have to be completely transformed.

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3 Questions are based on the following passage.
More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of "white" and "black" as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.
Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning. In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out. "Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors," said Svante Pääbo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes (基因组) of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.
Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modem genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.
Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting. "If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time," Yudell told Live Science. In the paper, he and his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis, which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a "white" disease.
So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like "ancestry" or "population" that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable.
"While we argue phasing out racial terminology (术语) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities (差异) between groups. " Yudell said.
Du Bois was opposed to the use of race as ________.

A．a basis for explaining human genetic diversity

B．an aid to understanding different populations

C．an explanation for social and cultural differences

D．a term to describe individual human characteristics

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