Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologies ___________.

A．benefit their business

B．transmit power faster

C．promote innovation

D．encourage competition

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参考答案

答案解析

由题干中的Utility companies定位到文章第五段最后一句：Even utitity companies，which have long viewed bakeries and alternative forms of energy as a threat，are learning to embrace the teelmologies as enabling rather than disrupting．
事实细节题。定位句指出，即使是那些曾长期将电池和其他能源替代形式视为威胁的公共事业公司，也在学着接受这些技术，看到他们的使用性，而不是侵扰性，说明这些企业开始认识到新的电池技术也会令他们受益，故答案为A。
文章虽然提到传统公共行业认识到电池技术是有利的，但是并没有讲到具体是哪个方面，因此排除C.“推动创新”和D.“鼓励竞争”；文中只涉及电池的存储方式，而没有提到转化能量，故排除B.“快速转化能量”。

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A．It might become a thing of the past.

B．It might turn out to be a "prosumer".

C．It will be easier to operate and maintain.

D．It will have to be completely transformed.

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2 Questions are based on the following passage.
More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of "white" and "black" as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.
Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning. In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out. "Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors," said Svante Pääbo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes (基因组) of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.
Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modem genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.
Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting. "If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time," Yudell told Live Science. In the paper, he and his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis, which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a "white" disease.
So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like "ancestry" or "population" that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable.
"While we argue phasing out racial terminology (术语) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities (差异) between groups. " Yudell said.
Du Bois was opposed to the use of race as ________.

A．a basis for explaining human genetic diversity

B．an aid to understanding different populations

C．an explanation for social and cultural differences

D．a term to describe individual human characteristics

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3 The study by Svante Pääbo served as an example to show ________.

A．modern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflicts

B．race is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversity

C．race as a biological term can explain human genetic diversity

D．genetics research should consider social and cultural variables

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