What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?

A．It might become a thing of the past.

B．It might turn out to be a "prosumer".

C．It will be easier to operate and maintain.

D．It will have to be completely transformed.

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答案解析

由题干中的centralized electric grid定位到文章第七段最后一句：what happens to the centralized electric grid，which took decades and billions of dollars to build，as more and more people become“prosumers，’’who produce and consume their OWn energy onsite?
推理判断题。定位句指出，如果越来越多的人成为“产消合一者”，自己随时产出并消费能源，那些曾花费数十年和上百亿美金建造的中央电网该怎么办呢，由此可推测，由中央电网输送电力的时代可能会成为过去，故答案为A。
B.“它可能会变成一个‘产消合一者”’是对定位句的曲解，作者并不是说中央电网会成为
“产消合一者”，而是说现在的消费者可能会变成“产消合一者”，故排除；C.“它更易于运行和维护”，文中没有提到中央电网的优势，故排除；D.“它将被彻底地转变”，原文谈到中央电网时并没有说它是否会有所转变，故排除。

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1 Questions are based on the following passage.
More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of "white" and "black" as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.
Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning. In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out. "Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors," said Svante Pääbo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes (基因组) of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.
Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modem genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.
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So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like "ancestry" or "population" that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable.
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B．an aid to understanding different populations

C．an explanation for social and cultural differences

D．a term to describe individual human characteristics

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2 The study by Svante Pääbo served as an example to show ________.

A．modern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflicts

B．race is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversity

C．race as a biological term can explain human genetic diversity

D．genetics research should consider social and cultural variables

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3 The example of the disease cystic fibrosis underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry demonstrates that ________.

A．it is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosis

B．it is important to include social variables in genetics research

C．racial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictions

D．discrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatment

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