填空题Section
Directions:
　　In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
　　The social impact of a modem mining operation in a remote area can also be great. Some people may have to move off their land to make way for the mine. Many more will probably relocate themselves voluntarily, moving in from more remote areas to the mining road or the mining settlement, drawn by the prospects of jobs and money, trade stores and health clinics, or just by the general excitement of the place. In many cases the men will come in by themselves,leaving the women to fend for themselves back in the village. Traditional agriculture and other pursuits are, as a result, often neglected.
　　But the social environment into which they come is a culturally alien one which can undermine traditional kin and gender relations and traditional authority and control, often with bitter consequences.
　　Large amounts of cash will normally be injected into the local community in the form of royalties or compensation to landowners, wages to mine workers or payments to sub-contractors.While this can be very beneficial it can also lead. to inequalities, disputes and problems.
　　Those in the local community who acquire cash from wages or compensation and the power that goes with it are not necessarily those who by tradition hold power in that society. The very advent of the cash can have a disruptive effect on traditional social structures.
　　Also in societies where resources including cash are owned communally and shared out according to traditional rules and precedents, the injection Of very large amounts of money can strain the role and tempt some to keep more than their entitlement, thus causing internal rifts,disputes and fighting.
　　Disputes between landowners and mining companies over payments or compensation are also common, and can lead to violent reactions against landowners by the police or armed forces, or repression by the authorities.
　　Mining also, of course, brings considerable benefits. Locally it provides jobs and incomes,and for those who use their income wisely an escape from grinding poverty and a life of hardship and struggle. It also brings development and services such as roads, wharfs, airstrips, stores,health clinics and schools, to areas which are usually remote and often neglected by government.The advent of health care and educational facilities to remote areas that would otherwise not have them can be especially beneficial.
　　Opinions about a mine will usually vary. Those most in favor tend to be those living near the 'mine and enjoying its facilities, who have been generously compensated for loss of land or damaged environment, or who are earning good money as mine workers or sub-contractors. Among