考研英语

单选题According to the author,what should the government do about genetic test?

A.Inform the public of the risk of it.
B.Legitimate the access to it.
C.Control the access to it.
D.Intervene when necessary.

参考答案:D进入在线模考
综合细节题
【解析】作者在最后一段明确提出了政府在基因测试行业管制中应该扮演的角色。[A]中出现了干扰词inform,但是稍加判断,即可得知[A]虽然符合常识,但是原文并未提及。[B]无中生有,全文都没有提到基因测试是不合法的,因此使其合法化无从谈起。[C]断章取义,control access是干扰词,但原文说的是“重要的不是control access”,因此错误。[D]正确,原文第五段中提到了政府干预的问题,如果检测者只是想知道一些关于家族疾病史的知识,那么政府就不应干预,暗含的意思就是在必要的时候政府干预还是可行的。并且第六段最后一句话也说到政府应该在最大程度上降低基因测试行业的风险,充分利用这一新技术给人类带来的好处。
参考译文
试想存在这样一个世界:通过了解你的基因类型和生活习性,医生就能帮你远离疾病。他开的药方对你只有治疗效果,而不会有任何副作用。
这一前景的实现会比想象中更快:基因检测已经广泛用于检测病人对某种药物的反应,是会帮助病人,还是会产生副作用。3年前,面对大量新的科学数据的涌入,很多新公司投身于为消费者解读这些信息。每个人都能够在网上订购一套检测用具,将唾液放入试管中,送去作DNA检测,检测结果由本人自行在家中下载查阅。这样他们就能够知道自己对一些常见药物的反应,如抗病毒药和血液抗凝剂,还能够了解自己罹患深静脉栓塞、皮肤癌或青光眼的可能性。
基因检测行业一直备受两种不同声音的指责。一方面,人们指责该行业向消费者提供的信息危言耸听,不足为信;另一方面,有人指责这些公司提供的数据不仅不具相关性,反而还有误导性,都是一派胡言。对于一些罕见疾病,如亨廷顿氏舞蹈病和泰伊一萨克斯病,通过基因检测就可以诊断。但绝大多数疾病都有更复杂的原因,有的涉及多种基因,有的还受到环境因素的影响,或者二者兼有。比如说,一个人患皮肤癌的概率取决于他是否喜欢晒太阳,还有他自身的基因。
美国政府问责局(GAO)最近揭露了一个业内早已公开的秘密:由于缺乏统一的行业标准,不同基因检测公司提供的疾病预测结果往往相互冲突。
多国政府对秩序混乱的基因检测行业深恶痛绝,特别是美国政府,正在考虑对其加强监管。
但是反对大规模监管的声音仍然存在,理由有三。第一,政府的干预程度必须基于检测自身的风险高低。如果一个人只是想探寻世系,或是想弄清自己的耳垢是什么类型,政府就没有必要干预。第二,法律应当足以应对欺诈行为,例如满嘴假话的推销员要是再预测某家的小孩能当上体育冠军,就将他们绳之以法。第三,科学发展日新月异。很快,消费者的全基因组就会被排列出来,而不仅是基因检测公司关注的那些与疾病相关的部分,那时消费者就能够通过一种在全球范围内均可下载的软件获取检测结果。这样一来势必会引发某些问题,阻止这种情况发生的唯一办法就是将个人获取基因组序列的行为定为非法,但是没有人会认真考虑采取这样偏执的管制。
所以,与其对基因检测采取敌视态度,政府更应该反思如何让这种新的信息源发挥最大效用。有的基因检测能告知人们某些药物的副作用,对其加以限制也会有弊端。问题的实质不在
于控制基因检测行业,而是如何将这项科学革命的风险降到最低,将其功效发挥到极致。

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