考研英语

单选题 In paragraph 3,Elise Claeson mainly refutes the idea that________.

A.school should incorporate the concept of gender neutrality into daily classes
B.writers should use gender—neutral pronouns rather than gender denoting pronouns
C.gender pedagogy and gender neutrality are supported by the wide public in Sweden
D.only under the leadership of elites can the gender equality campaign achieve Success

参考答案:C进入在线模考
在第三段中,伊莉斯·克拉松主要反对的观点是_______ 。
[A]学校应该将性别中性的概念纳入日常的教学活动中
[B]作家应该使用性别中立人称代词而不是指示性别的人称代词
[C]眭别教学法和性别中立在瑞典受到了广大民众的支持
[D]只有在精英的领导下性别平等运动才能够取得成功
【答案】C人物观点题
【解析】文章第一段提到,虽然瑞典在男女平等方面取得了巨大的进步,但是很多民众都认为现在的男女平等运动有些太过头了,尤其是现在在某些学校中提出的性别中立理念。但是在文章第二段中,作者提到了性别专家克里斯蒂娜·汉高的观点。她的主要观点是:性别教育学并没有被强加到瑞典国民头上。她认为,瑞典是一个有着悠久的平等理念的国家,性别中立这个概念以及相关的运动都不是政客或者活动家强加于民众头上的,而是由草根民众自发地推动的(been driven by activists at the grassroots level)。在第三段中,另一位专家伊莉斯·克拉松又反驳了克里斯蒂娜·汉高的观点。她说,推动性别教学法和性别中立论的都是一些社会精英,他们提出的理念远远不能代表社会主流观点。因此,本题的解题关键就是要分清楚每位学者的理论观点,他们主要批驳的对象。正确答案应该选[C]。

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1 According to Elise Claeson,gender identity________.

A.is crucial for children’S development
B.ties children to stereotypical expectations
C.may confuse children’S understanding about themselves
D.should be confirmed at early age and fixed throughout life

2 It seems that Ms.Henkel the gender equality situation in Sweden.

A.basically approves of
B.is strongly dissatisfied with
C.is deeply concerned with
D.is blindly optimistic about

3根据以下资料回答 :
In the following text.some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
  Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes,should we?Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom?
This may sound like a fanciful concern,but it is an increasingly real one.The new federal transportation bill,for example,authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments—but by making the crime practically impossible to commit.(41)______  The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the“perfect prevention”of crime:depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place.The federal government’s Intelligent Transportation Systems program,which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights,could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light.(42)______
  Such technologies force US to reconcile two important interests.On one hand is society’s desire for safety and security.On the other hand is the individual’S right to act freely. Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime,but punishing them if they do.
  The perfect prevention of crime asks US to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends.Does freedom include a“right”to drive drunk.for instance?It is hard to imagine that it does.(43)______ 
  For most familiar crimes(murder,robbery,rape,arson),the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind,whether it is intent,recklessness or negligence.
(44)______ 
  In such cases,using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom;it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute.Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense,the government could require,for instance.that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills,thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible,without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller.
  But because the government must not intrude on people’s thoughts,perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses.(45)  ______ Even if this could be known,perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan,collecting such knowledge would violate an individual’s freedom of thought.
  Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention,and for strict— liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly.But for most offenses,the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach.This is not because people have a right to commit crimes;they do not.Rather,perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts,even when those thoughts turn to crime.
A.But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actor’s state of  mind:so.called strict—liability offenses.One example is the sale of tainted drugs. Another is drunken driving.
B.The Dadss program,despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving,is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers’behavior and controls individual’s free will.
C.And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of l998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions,making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials, including video games.
D.If the actor doesn’t have the guilty state of mind,and he commits crime involuntarily,in  this case,the actor will be convicted as innocent.
E.Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a  person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable  mental state.
F.The program,the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety(Dadss),is developing in  vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver’s blood—alcohol level and,if that  level is above the legal limit,prevents the car from starting.
G.But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate? This would seem like an obvious   violation of our freedom.We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases.
___________