公共英语三级
Increasingly, over the past ten years, peopleespecially young people--have become aware of the need to change their eating habit,because much of the food they eat,particularly processed foods, is not good for health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.
Natural foods,for example,are vegetable,fruit and grain which have been grown in soil and are rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter,which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the a- mount--but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry:there are battery farm, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food;they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take for example,the question of sugar, This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative,such as honey ,can be treed to sweeten food if it is .necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive:the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two-ce000nturies and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy in the form of calories. There areno vitamins in it no minerals,and no fibre.
It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantifies of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modem experts in" healthy eating".This passage is mainly concerned with
A.people' s growing interest in natural foods
B.natural food and healthy diet
C.the importance of fibre in foods
D.harmful effects of sugar
在过去的l0年中,人们,尤其是年轻人,已经逐渐意识到改变饮食习惯的必要性。这是因为他们吃的大多数食品,尤其是加工食品,对健康没有好处。结果,人们对天然食品越来越感兴趣。这种食品不含化学添加剂,不受当今广泛用于农业的化学肥料的影响。
天然食品如蔬菜、水果和谷物,生长于土壤中,含有丰富的有机成分。简单地说,这就意味着土壤已被未食用的蔬菜物质所滋养。这些物质提供给土壤必要的维他命和矿物质。这本身就是天然的过程。相比较而言,使用化学用品和化肥,主要目的是增加商业种植地区食品的产量,而不是提高其质量。
天然食品还包括被容许在茂盛的草场上吃草和自由活动的动物。把这种情况和大批量饲养家禽的地方作比较,例如层架式养鸡场,在那里,成千上万只鸡被挤在一个笼中饲养,它们吃的饲料比垃圾好不了多少。这样养出来的鸡不仅食之无味,而且孵出的蛋也缺少重要的维他命。
健康饮食的其他方面也正在引起食品专家越来越多的关注。拿糖的问题做个例子。它实际上是一种不必要的食物。我们可以用一种天然替代品,比如说蜂蜜,在必要的时候使食物变甜,但事实上我们可以不使用它。不是糖本身有害,而是它确实会使人上瘾。在过去的200年中,我们使用糖的数量不断增加。如今在英国,一个人每年平均要吃掉200磅糖!然而它所能做的就是以卡路里的形式为我们提供能量。它不含维他命,也不含矿物质和纤维。
很重要的一点是,现如今纤维被认为是健康饮食的重要组成部分。比如在白面包中,纤维已经被去除了,但它还存在于粗制面粉中,当然还有蔬菜中。有趣的是,在全国性食品中含有大量粗制面粉和蔬菜的国家中,某种疾病相对很少发生。因此研究健康饮食的当代专家们认为,饮食的重点应放在食用全麦面包和更多的蔬菜上。
文章第一段就指出“人们认为他们的饮食不健康,所以对天然食品越来越感兴趣”。接下来作者告诉我们天然食品都有哪些。最后两段提到健康饮食要注意糖和纤维的问题。因此本文的中心思想就是关于天然食品和健康饮食的。
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