公共英语三级

单选题根据下面资料,回答题。
Passwords are everywhere in computer security. All too often, they are also ineffective. A good password has to be both easy to remember and hard to guess, but in practice people seem to pay at-tention to the former. Names of wives, husbands and children are popular. "12356" or "12345" are also common choices.
That predictability lets security researchers (and hackers) create dictionaries which list com-mon passwords, useful to those seeking to break in. But although researchers know that passwords are insecure, working out just how insecure has been difficult. Many studies have only small sam-ples to work on.
However, with the co-operation of Yahoo!, Joseph Bonneau of Cambridge University obtained the biggest sample to date--70 million passwords that came with useful data about their owners.
Mr Bonneau found some interesting variations. Older users had better passwords than young ones. People whose preferred language was Korean or German chose the most secure passwords;those who spoke Indonesian the least. Passwords designed to hide sensitive information such as credit-card numbers were only slightly more secure than those protecting less important things, like access to games. "Nag screens" that told users they had chosen a weak password made virtually no difference. And users whose accounts had been hacked in the past did not make more secure choices than those who had never been hacked.
But it is the broader analysis of the sample that is of most interest to security researchers. For, despite their differences, the 70 million users were still predictable enough that a generic password dictionary was effective against both the entire sample and any slice of it. Mr Bonnean is blunt:
"An attacker who can manage ten guesses per account will compromise around 1% of accounts. "And that is a worthwhile outcome for a hacker.
One obvious solution would be for sites to limit the number of guesses that can be made before access is blocked. Yet whereas the biggest sites, such as Google and Microsoft, do take such meas-ures, many do not. The reasons of their not doing so are various. So it´ s time for users to consider the alternatives to traditional passwords.
People tend to use passwords that are__________.

A.easy to remember
B.hard to figure out
C.random numbers
D.popular names

参考答案:A进入在线模考
参考译文
密码在计算机安全中随处可见。很多时候,密码并没有起到应有的效果。一个好的密码应该兼具容易记忆和难以猜测的特点,但在实际生活中,人们看起来更偏重于前者。妻子、丈夫和孩子的名字常被用作密码。“123456”或“12345”也是很常见的选择。
这些密码的可预测性使得安全研究者(和黑客)创造了常见密码字典,为那些想要破解的人提供了便利。虽然研究者知道密码很不安全,但是想要测算不安全的程度却很困难。许多研究都只能在少量的样本上展开。
然而,通过和Yahoo!的合作,来自剑桥大学的约瑟夫•波诺获得了有史以来最大的数据样本——7000万个带有有效用户信息的密码。
波诺先生发现了一些很有趣的变化。年长的人的密码比年轻人的密码更安全。说韩语或德语的人选择最安全的密码;而说印尼语的人的密码最不安全。为了隐藏诸如信用卡号码之类敏感信息的密码只比保护像进入游戏之类不太重要的信息的密码稍微安全一点点。“提示窗口”会跳出提醒用户选择了安全性弱的密码,实际上对安全性并没有很大影响。账户在过去遭到黑客攻击的用户并不比从没受过攻击的人的密码安全性更高。
但是,最让安全研究者感兴趣的是对样本的更广义的分析。尽管他们之间不同,但对7000万用户的研究仍可预测到一个通用密码字典是有效的,不管是对整体样本还是个别密码。波诺先生坦率地说:“攻击者对一个账户进行10次密码尝试输入就会对约1%的账户造成危害。”这对黑客来说,已经是很值得的结果了。
一个有效的解决方法就是网站在锁定登入之前限制尝试输入密码的次数。虽然最大的网站,例如谷歌和微软,采取了这样的措施,但是很多其他网站并没有这样做。他们不这样做的原因有很多。所以是用户们该考虑改变下传统的密码了。
【精析】细节题。在第一段第三句提到“A good password has to be both easy to remember and hard to guess,but in practice people seem to pay attention to the former.”一个好的密码应该兼具容易记忆和难以猜测的特点,但在实际生活中,人们看起来更偏重于前者。由此可知,虽然密码两个特点都很重要,但人们在使用中还是更注重记忆的方便,故选A。

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1 Researchers find it difficult to know how unsafe passwords are due to__________.

A.lack of research tools
B.lack of research funds
C.limited time of studies
D.limited size of samples

2 It is indicated in the text that__________.

A.Indonesians are sensitive to password security
B.young people tend to have secure passwords
C.nag screens help little in password security
D.passwords for credit cards are usually safe

3 The underlined word“compromise”in Para.5 most probably means__________.

A.comprise
B.compensate
C.endanger
D.encounter