Questions are based on the following passage.
All through the ages the bat has been a creature of great mystery. Bats have influenced the imagination of the Western World since the first Spaniards returned from the Americans. They told tales of hairy, winged creatures that flew from caves to feed on the blood of man and animals. The vampire bat, which became a well-known figure in the folk tales of many countries, exists only in the Americans.
The vampire bat is not like the common bat. Its teeth have grown sharper. In the days before Columbus, bat fed on wild animals, but with the introduction of farm animals into the New World by the Spaniards, they were offered a new kind of food. They attacked the cattle which sickened and died and the colonists didn´t know why. It was only in 1908 that farmers in Brazil discovered that the bite of the vampire bat could cause rabies and this was the disease that was killing their cattle.
For the first time it was recognized that the bite of a vampire bat could carry the virus of rabies. The cattle of eastern Mexico were especially troubled by this disease.
Many efforts were made by the farmers in Mexico to destroy the bats. They blew up their caves or covered the entrances to caves with nets. All these ways were too slow, too costly, or else didn´t work.
Since they could not remove the bats, the Mexican government and World Health Organization got together in 1952 to develop a cheap dependable supply of the vaccine against rabies at a factory in Mexico. A quarter of a million cattle have been vaccinated at a cost of fifty cents per animal to the owners. In one state alone, death among cattle has fallen from 56% to 1%. Control of the disease in animals seems to be in sight. This will reduce but not destroy the threat that bats may pass the
disease to human beings.
Vampire bats like human blood best. Whole villages in Guatemala have disappeared because of the frequency with which bats fed on sleeping children. A study made in Trinidad showed that in thirty houses checked in one village, twenty persons had been bitten by bats. Teachers reported that half of the children coming to school showed signs of having been bitten in the night.
A health research office, which has been collecting information since 1949 about the home and movements of bats, has started work on a book about bats. Various other health organizations also are making new studies. It is hoped that answers to this health problem will soon be found.
The vampire bat was well-known in many countries because_____