英语六级
We ask ourselves what we mean by referring to that which we have observed by such a term as multiple personality. Immediately we face the more fundamental question: What is the real referent of this familiar word personality? In ordinary use we all encounter dozens of unidentical referents, perhaps hundreds of overlapping concepts, all with vague and elusive areas extending indefinitely,vaguely fading out into limitless implications.
Any day we may hear that John Doe has become a new man since he quit liquor three years ago.Perhaps we tell ourselves that Harvard actually made a different person of that boy across the street who used to aggravate all the neighbours with his mischievous depredations. Many religious people describe the experience of being converted or born again in terms that to the sceptical often seem chiefly fantastic.
With considerable truth, perhaps, it may be stated that after her marriage Mary Blank changed,that she has become another woman. So, too, when a man´s old friends say that since the war he hasn´t been the same fellow they used to know. The statement, however, inaccurate, may indicate something real. Every now and then it is said that a certain woman´s absorption in her home and children has resulted in her losing her entire personality. Though such sayings are never taken literally, there is often good reason to be taken seriously.
Are they not exaggerations or distortions used to indicate very imperfectly what is by no means totally untrue but what cannot be put precisely, or fully, into words? The real meaning of such familiar statements, however significant, helps us only a little in explaining what we think we have encountered in the case reported.
Though often distinguished from each of the other terms, "personality" is sometimes used more or less as a synonym or approximation for "mind", "disposition", "soul", "spirit" etc. Often this protean word narrows (or broadens. in use to indicate chiefly the attractiveness, or unattractiveness,of some woman or man. In psychiatry its most specific function today is perhaps that of implying a unified total, of indicating more than "intelligence" or "character".
There is no distinct or commonly understood referent for our word "personality". It is useful for us despite its elasticity, often because of its elasticity. If they are to be helpful all such elastic terms must be used tentatively. Otherwise they may lead us at once into violent and confused disagreement about what are likely to be imaginary questions, more conflicts of arbitrary definition. Bearing this in
mind we feel it proper to speak of Eve Black, Eve White and of Jane as three "personalities".
What is the topic of this passage?
A.The importance of the personality analysis in psychiatry.
B.Different kinds of personalities.
C.The understanding of personality.
D.The difficulty of knowing a person.
我们会问自己,我们所指的那些被我们视为多重人格的术语是什么意思。紧接着,我们会面对更基本的问题:这个熟悉的单词“人格”到底对应的是什么?日常生活中,我们碰到它不同的对应物.也许有成百个彼此重叠的概念,都在模糊不清、捉摸不定的领域无限延伸,最后隐退为无限的含义。
有一天,我们可能听说某约翰自从三年前戒酒之后就改头换面。也许,我们会告诉自己,哈佛大学会彻底改变一个总是淘气捣乱激怒邻居的人。很多宗教人士将这种看似荒诞的现象描述为皈依或重生。
也许,真相会是这样,婚后玛丽·布莱克变了,变成了另一个女人。所以,也有这样的情况,一个人的老朋友称战后他不再是他原来认识的那个人。然而,这些不精确的陈述可能会说明一些真实的东西。我们时不时地会听说某个女人为家庭和孩子付出,最后导致她人格的丧失。尽管这些话不能按字面意思去理解,但总有充分的理由被严肃对待。
他们没有夸大或扭曲事实,以不恰当地显示他们绝不会将那些无法用语言精确而充分地表达的东西不真实地表达吗?然而,重要的是,这些熟悉的陈述的真实意思在解释我们碰到那些情况时只起了一丁点儿作用。
尽管总是区别于其他词语。“人格”一词有时或多或少地被用作“思想”“性格”“灵魂”“精神”等词语的同义词或近义词。往往,这个多含义的词语在应用中会变窄(或拓宽.,用来表示一些女人和男人有魅力或者不吸引人。如今,在精神病学中,它的大部分具体功能也许就在于暗示一个统一的总数,而不仅仅表示“智力”或“性格”。
对于“人格”这个词.没有明确的、普遍意义上的对应物。尽管它词义上具有伸缩性,也总是因为这种伸缩性,它对我们来说很有用。要想让它们发挥作用,那么这些词就得试验性地用起来。否则,它们可能会将我们引入暴力和困惑的歧途,那就不可能是我们假想的问题了,有更多任意定义的矛盾。有了这样的想法,那么我们就会认为“阴暗人格”“天使人格”和“正常人格”是一个人的三种人格的说法是正确的。
参考答案及解析
主旨题。本题考查的是对短文意思的理解和主旨的把握。文章讲了人格的含义,在现实中真的应用以及注意事项。概括起来就是关于人格的理解。因此,正确答案是C。
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