英语六级
单选题根据下面资料,回答题
A. A federal appeals court on Wednesday for the first time employed a landmark Supreme Court decision to declare that the fundamental right to marriage must be extended to gay couples, adding momentum to a remarkably rapid recognition of same-sex marriage by judges nationwide.
B. The 2-to-1 decision by a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit upheld a lower court' s decision that Utah' s constitutional amendment prohibiting same-sex marriage could not stand. The ruling came almost exactly one year after the Supreme Court delivered a pair of major gay rights victories and could be instrumental in returning the issue to the high court for the ultimate decision on whether marriage is a fundamental right that cannot be denied to same-sex couples.
C. The justices sidestepped that question last June. But the reasoning used by the majority of Supreme Court justices in rejecting the federal definition of marriage as between one man and one woman has been cited by lower courts in an unbroken string of victories for supporters of gay fights. Judges have struck down state bans from Virginia to Oregon.
D. This has been accompanied by polls that show an increasing public acceptance of same-sex marriage and, its proponents say, by a growing sense of inevitability, the 10th Circuit, which is based in Denver, became the first appeals court to apply the Supreme Court decision and said it compelled the outcome.
E. "We hold that the Fourteenth Amendment protects the fundamental right to marry, establish a family, raise children, and enjoy the full protection of a state's marital laws," Circuit Judge Carlos F. Lucero wrote. "A state may not deny the issuance of a marriage license to two persons, or refuse to recognize their marriage, based solely upon the sex of the persons in the marriage union."
F. Lucero, whom President Bill Clinton nominated to the bench, was joined in the decision by Circuit Judge Jerome A. Holmes, a George W. Bush nominee. Circuit Judge Paul J. Kelly Jr., who was nominated by President George H.W. Bush, dissented. That makes him the only federal judge since the Supreme Court' s decision in U.S.v. Windsor last year to say he would leave a state ban in place.
G. Kelly said that marriage between people of the same gender is not a fundamental right and that the decision whether to open the institution to gay couples "belongs to the electorate and their representatives." He said judges "should resist the temptation to become philosopher-kings, imposing our views under the guise of constitutional interpretation of the 14th Amendment." Lucero said it might be "preferable" to let the national debate play out "through legislative and democratic channels." But he added that "the protection and exercise of fundamental rights are not matters for opinion polls or the ballot box."
H. There is irony in the fact that Utah, one of the most conservative states, is at the forefront of returning the issue to the Supreme Court. After a federal judge in Salt Lake City overturned the state's ban late last year, more than 1,000 couples were wed before the high court stayed his decision. That stay will remain in place while the state considers its next step, the appellate panel said. Utah Attorney General Scan D. Reyes (R) said in a statement that he had not decided whether to ask the full 10th Circuit appeals court to review the panel's decision but that the ultimate question must be decided by the Supreme Court.
I. Although Utah lost, he said, "we are pleased that the ruling has been issued and takes us one step closer to reaching certainty and finality for all Utahns on such an important issue." Rulings from the 10th Circuit are binding in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah and Wyoming Of the six, only New Mexico currently allows same-sex marriage. Because the panel stayed its order, the bans in the other states are not affected. The same panel of judges has heard an appeal of a lower court's ruling that Oklahoma' s ban is unconstitutional but it has not ruled in that case.
J. The issue of same-sex marriage is working its way through appeals courts nationwide. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit, based in Richmond, for instance, is reviewing a decision that struck down Virginia's ban. In August, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit, based in Cincinnati, will hear arguments in cases involving all four states in its jurisdiction, where bans have been struck down or states have been ordered to recognize same-sex marriages performed elsewhere.
K. The Supreme Court is most likely to take up the issue if various appellate courts disagree about whether the bans are unconstitutional. But most observers say the Supreme Court will need to decide the issue at some point, even if the lower courts are all in agreement.
L. In Wednesday's decision, Lucero rejected all of Utah's arguments that it had legitimate reasons to limit marriage to a man and a woman. He said that limiting marriage to couples that could naturally procreate was not valid, because elderly and infertile heterosexual couples are allowed to marry, as well as those who do not intend to have children.
M. And he rejected "slippery slope" arguments that recognizing same-sex marriage would necessarily require the recognition of other relationships. "Unlike polygamous or incestuous marriages, the Supreme Court has explicitly extended constitutional protection to intimate same-sex relationships," Lucero said.
N. Kate Kendell, executive director of the National Centre for Lesbian Rights, said the appeals panel's opinion"marks an indelible milestone in our nation' s journey to full inclusion--and one that will undoubtedly influence other courts in the months to come." Opponents were disappointed. "While judges can, by judicial fiat, declare same-sex' marriage' legal, they will never be able to make it right," said Tony Perkins, president of the Family Research Council. "The courts, for all their power, can't overturn natural law."
O. In a statement on its Web site, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, based in Utah, said it continues to believe that marriage should be between a man and a woman but that "all people should be treated with respect." Anticipating that the final decision will be the Supreme Court's, the church said, "It is our hope that the nation's highest court will uphold traditional marriage." At the same time that the court in Denver was acting, a federal district judge on Wednesday struck down Indiana's ban on same-sex marriage and allowed gay couples in that state to wed immediately.
The 10th Circuit was set up in Denver.
A. A federal appeals court on Wednesday for the first time employed a landmark Supreme Court decision to declare that the fundamental right to marriage must be extended to gay couples, adding momentum to a remarkably rapid recognition of same-sex marriage by judges nationwide.
B. The 2-to-1 decision by a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit upheld a lower court' s decision that Utah' s constitutional amendment prohibiting same-sex marriage could not stand. The ruling came almost exactly one year after the Supreme Court delivered a pair of major gay rights victories and could be instrumental in returning the issue to the high court for the ultimate decision on whether marriage is a fundamental right that cannot be denied to same-sex couples.
C. The justices sidestepped that question last June. But the reasoning used by the majority of Supreme Court justices in rejecting the federal definition of marriage as between one man and one woman has been cited by lower courts in an unbroken string of victories for supporters of gay fights. Judges have struck down state bans from Virginia to Oregon.
D. This has been accompanied by polls that show an increasing public acceptance of same-sex marriage and, its proponents say, by a growing sense of inevitability, the 10th Circuit, which is based in Denver, became the first appeals court to apply the Supreme Court decision and said it compelled the outcome.
E. "We hold that the Fourteenth Amendment protects the fundamental right to marry, establish a family, raise children, and enjoy the full protection of a state's marital laws," Circuit Judge Carlos F. Lucero wrote. "A state may not deny the issuance of a marriage license to two persons, or refuse to recognize their marriage, based solely upon the sex of the persons in the marriage union."
F. Lucero, whom President Bill Clinton nominated to the bench, was joined in the decision by Circuit Judge Jerome A. Holmes, a George W. Bush nominee. Circuit Judge Paul J. Kelly Jr., who was nominated by President George H.W. Bush, dissented. That makes him the only federal judge since the Supreme Court' s decision in U.S.v. Windsor last year to say he would leave a state ban in place.
G. Kelly said that marriage between people of the same gender is not a fundamental right and that the decision whether to open the institution to gay couples "belongs to the electorate and their representatives." He said judges "should resist the temptation to become philosopher-kings, imposing our views under the guise of constitutional interpretation of the 14th Amendment." Lucero said it might be "preferable" to let the national debate play out "through legislative and democratic channels." But he added that "the protection and exercise of fundamental rights are not matters for opinion polls or the ballot box."
H. There is irony in the fact that Utah, one of the most conservative states, is at the forefront of returning the issue to the Supreme Court. After a federal judge in Salt Lake City overturned the state's ban late last year, more than 1,000 couples were wed before the high court stayed his decision. That stay will remain in place while the state considers its next step, the appellate panel said. Utah Attorney General Scan D. Reyes (R) said in a statement that he had not decided whether to ask the full 10th Circuit appeals court to review the panel's decision but that the ultimate question must be decided by the Supreme Court.
I. Although Utah lost, he said, "we are pleased that the ruling has been issued and takes us one step closer to reaching certainty and finality for all Utahns on such an important issue." Rulings from the 10th Circuit are binding in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah and Wyoming Of the six, only New Mexico currently allows same-sex marriage. Because the panel stayed its order, the bans in the other states are not affected. The same panel of judges has heard an appeal of a lower court's ruling that Oklahoma' s ban is unconstitutional but it has not ruled in that case.
J. The issue of same-sex marriage is working its way through appeals courts nationwide. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit, based in Richmond, for instance, is reviewing a decision that struck down Virginia's ban. In August, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit, based in Cincinnati, will hear arguments in cases involving all four states in its jurisdiction, where bans have been struck down or states have been ordered to recognize same-sex marriages performed elsewhere.
K. The Supreme Court is most likely to take up the issue if various appellate courts disagree about whether the bans are unconstitutional. But most observers say the Supreme Court will need to decide the issue at some point, even if the lower courts are all in agreement.
L. In Wednesday's decision, Lucero rejected all of Utah's arguments that it had legitimate reasons to limit marriage to a man and a woman. He said that limiting marriage to couples that could naturally procreate was not valid, because elderly and infertile heterosexual couples are allowed to marry, as well as those who do not intend to have children.
M. And he rejected "slippery slope" arguments that recognizing same-sex marriage would necessarily require the recognition of other relationships. "Unlike polygamous or incestuous marriages, the Supreme Court has explicitly extended constitutional protection to intimate same-sex relationships," Lucero said.
N. Kate Kendell, executive director of the National Centre for Lesbian Rights, said the appeals panel's opinion"marks an indelible milestone in our nation' s journey to full inclusion--and one that will undoubtedly influence other courts in the months to come." Opponents were disappointed. "While judges can, by judicial fiat, declare same-sex' marriage' legal, they will never be able to make it right," said Tony Perkins, president of the Family Research Council. "The courts, for all their power, can't overturn natural law."
O. In a statement on its Web site, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, based in Utah, said it continues to believe that marriage should be between a man and a woman but that "all people should be treated with respect." Anticipating that the final decision will be the Supreme Court's, the church said, "It is our hope that the nation's highest court will uphold traditional marriage." At the same time that the court in Denver was acting, a federal district judge on Wednesday struck down Indiana's ban on same-sex marriage and allowed gay couples in that state to wed immediately.
The 10th Circuit was set up in Denver.
参考答案:D进入在线模考
参考译文
A.联邦政府于星期三第一次请法院介入,由最高法院确定基础法案,婚姻法必须延伸至同性夫妻范围,这一举措显然增加了同性恋婚姻迅速得到全国认可的势头。
B.美国法院的陪审团中三分之二的成员认为应呼吁第十联合会支持低级法院犹他州的宪法修正案,也就是允许同性恋婚姻法成立。这一规定恰是在最高法院获准同性某些主要权利一年后产生的,而且这一规定在把问题提交给最高法院做最后决定方面起到基础作用,最后决定是关于婚姻是不是基本法,该基本法并不能否认同性恋夫妻。
C.去年六月,法官回避了那个问题。但是最高法院的大部分法官所用的推理支持同性通婚权利,推翻了联邦政府定义的由低级法院推行的男女通婚制度。这项决议违反了从弗吉尼亚到俄勒冈的禁令。
D.随之进行的民意调查显示,人们越来越接受同性通婚的现象了,同时它的支持者说,建立在丹佛的第十联合会越来越不可避免地成为执行最高法院决议的诉讼法庭,并且会强制执行其最终决议。
E.“我们推出第十四套修正法案来反对婚姻基本法,建立家庭,抚养子女,享受本州的婚姻法提供的全方位保护。”联合会法官卡洛斯·福林·卢赛洛这样写道。“一个州可能不会拒绝给两个人进行婚姻登记,或者仅仅因为结婚对方的性别而拒绝认可他们的婚姻。”
F.卢赛洛被总统比尔·克林顿任命为法官,同时参与制定由乔治·沃克·布什任命的联合会法官杰罗姆·霍姆斯主持制定的决议。而由总统乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什任命的联合会法官保罗·凯利却饱受争议。这就使他成为继去年最高法院在美国温莎案做出的适当的禁令之后的唯一一位联邦审判官。
G.凯利说同性之间的婚姻不是基本法,是否制定同性夫妻的宪法“属于全体选民和议员”。他认为“法官应该克制自己想要成为‘哲学之王’的诱惑.在第十四套修正法案的宪法说明的伪装下强加我们的观点”。卢赛洛说“通过立法和民主渠道”将国家的争议排除掉会“更好”。然而,他又补充道:“基本法的保护和操作与民意调查和投票箱无关。”
H.具有讽刺意味的是,事实上,作为最保守的诸州之一,犹他州最先将这一问题向最高法院反馈。自从盐湖城去年将这一禁令推翻之后,超过一千对夫妻不顾高级法院的法令坚持结为连理。受理上诉的陪审团称,这种僵持会继续下去,但州政府会考虑下一步计划。犹他州首席检察官肖恩·雷耶斯说,在一次陈述中,他不得不决定是否请求第十联合会上诉法庭的全体成员复审陪审团的决议,但最终的问题还是由最高法院决定。
I.尽管犹他州失败了,他说,“但我们很高兴,因为这一规定终于提上了日程,而且它使我们朝着所有犹他州人民对这一问题的确定和坚决又迈近了一步”。第十联合会的这一裁决在科罗拉多州、堪萨斯州、新墨西哥、俄克拉荷马、犹他州和怀俄明州已经具有了法律约束力。这六大洲中,只有新墨西哥卅l目前允许同性通婚。因为专家小组坚持他们的立场,其他州的禁令并没有受到影响。同样的判决小组听说了低级法院对于裁决俄克拉荷马违反宪法的禁令的呼吁,却仍然没有做出规定。
J.同性通婚的问题通过全国上诉法庭发展了起来。例如,建立于里士满的美国第四联合会上诉法庭正在复审推翻弗吉尼亚禁令的决议。8月,建立在辛辛那提的美国第六联合会上诉法庭将会受理关于四个州管辖范围的争议。在那里。禁令被推翻或者要求认可在别处实行的同性通婚现象。
K.如果不同的上诉法庭对于禁令是否违反法律这一问题产生分歧,那么最高法院最有可能受理这一问题。然而,大部分观察员认为,在某种意义上来说,最高法院需要决定这一议题,即使低级法院都不赞同。
L.在星期三的决议中.卢赛洛反对所有局限于男女之间的合法婚姻。他认为对婚姻的限制会自然而然地导致生育能力不健全,因为年老的不能生育的夫妻允许通婚,还有那些不打算要孩子的夫妻也可以结婚。
M.同时,他反对“灾难性的急剧下滑”,即认可同性婚姻将必然要求得到其他人际关系的认可的争论。卢赛洛说:“与一夫多妻和近亲通婚不同,最高法院明确延伸了对于亲密的同性关系的宪法保护。”
N.国家女同性恋中心行政主任凯特·肯戴尔声称呼吁专家小组的观点“为我们国家更健康的发展创立了永久的里程碑——而且一个法庭毫无疑问会影响到其他法庭”。反对者对此很失望。“通过司法许可,法官可以呼吁同性婚姻合法.他们将永远不会使之合法,”家庭研究委员会主席托尼·铂金斯这样说,“所有法庭的力量都无法推翻国家法律。”
O.它的网站上出现了这样一条声明,建立在犹他州的近代圣人耶稣基督的教堂称它一直认为婚姻应该存在于男性和女性之间,但是“所有人都应该受到尊重”。预测到最终的决议将由最高法院做出,教徒说,“国家最高法院支持传统婚姻是我们的希望。”同时,丹佛的法院正在积极行动,联邦选举区在星期三推翻了印第安纳州关于同性通婚的禁令,并允许同性恋者立即成婚。
解析
此句意为“第十联合会设立在丹佛”,与D段中The 1Oth Circuit,which is based in Denver意思相同。因此,正确答案是D。
A.联邦政府于星期三第一次请法院介入,由最高法院确定基础法案,婚姻法必须延伸至同性夫妻范围,这一举措显然增加了同性恋婚姻迅速得到全国认可的势头。
B.美国法院的陪审团中三分之二的成员认为应呼吁第十联合会支持低级法院犹他州的宪法修正案,也就是允许同性恋婚姻法成立。这一规定恰是在最高法院获准同性某些主要权利一年后产生的,而且这一规定在把问题提交给最高法院做最后决定方面起到基础作用,最后决定是关于婚姻是不是基本法,该基本法并不能否认同性恋夫妻。
C.去年六月,法官回避了那个问题。但是最高法院的大部分法官所用的推理支持同性通婚权利,推翻了联邦政府定义的由低级法院推行的男女通婚制度。这项决议违反了从弗吉尼亚到俄勒冈的禁令。
D.随之进行的民意调查显示,人们越来越接受同性通婚的现象了,同时它的支持者说,建立在丹佛的第十联合会越来越不可避免地成为执行最高法院决议的诉讼法庭,并且会强制执行其最终决议。
E.“我们推出第十四套修正法案来反对婚姻基本法,建立家庭,抚养子女,享受本州的婚姻法提供的全方位保护。”联合会法官卡洛斯·福林·卢赛洛这样写道。“一个州可能不会拒绝给两个人进行婚姻登记,或者仅仅因为结婚对方的性别而拒绝认可他们的婚姻。”
F.卢赛洛被总统比尔·克林顿任命为法官,同时参与制定由乔治·沃克·布什任命的联合会法官杰罗姆·霍姆斯主持制定的决议。而由总统乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什任命的联合会法官保罗·凯利却饱受争议。这就使他成为继去年最高法院在美国温莎案做出的适当的禁令之后的唯一一位联邦审判官。
G.凯利说同性之间的婚姻不是基本法,是否制定同性夫妻的宪法“属于全体选民和议员”。他认为“法官应该克制自己想要成为‘哲学之王’的诱惑.在第十四套修正法案的宪法说明的伪装下强加我们的观点”。卢赛洛说“通过立法和民主渠道”将国家的争议排除掉会“更好”。然而,他又补充道:“基本法的保护和操作与民意调查和投票箱无关。”
H.具有讽刺意味的是,事实上,作为最保守的诸州之一,犹他州最先将这一问题向最高法院反馈。自从盐湖城去年将这一禁令推翻之后,超过一千对夫妻不顾高级法院的法令坚持结为连理。受理上诉的陪审团称,这种僵持会继续下去,但州政府会考虑下一步计划。犹他州首席检察官肖恩·雷耶斯说,在一次陈述中,他不得不决定是否请求第十联合会上诉法庭的全体成员复审陪审团的决议,但最终的问题还是由最高法院决定。
I.尽管犹他州失败了,他说,“但我们很高兴,因为这一规定终于提上了日程,而且它使我们朝着所有犹他州人民对这一问题的确定和坚决又迈近了一步”。第十联合会的这一裁决在科罗拉多州、堪萨斯州、新墨西哥、俄克拉荷马、犹他州和怀俄明州已经具有了法律约束力。这六大洲中,只有新墨西哥卅l目前允许同性通婚。因为专家小组坚持他们的立场,其他州的禁令并没有受到影响。同样的判决小组听说了低级法院对于裁决俄克拉荷马违反宪法的禁令的呼吁,却仍然没有做出规定。
J.同性通婚的问题通过全国上诉法庭发展了起来。例如,建立于里士满的美国第四联合会上诉法庭正在复审推翻弗吉尼亚禁令的决议。8月,建立在辛辛那提的美国第六联合会上诉法庭将会受理关于四个州管辖范围的争议。在那里。禁令被推翻或者要求认可在别处实行的同性通婚现象。
K.如果不同的上诉法庭对于禁令是否违反法律这一问题产生分歧,那么最高法院最有可能受理这一问题。然而,大部分观察员认为,在某种意义上来说,最高法院需要决定这一议题,即使低级法院都不赞同。
L.在星期三的决议中.卢赛洛反对所有局限于男女之间的合法婚姻。他认为对婚姻的限制会自然而然地导致生育能力不健全,因为年老的不能生育的夫妻允许通婚,还有那些不打算要孩子的夫妻也可以结婚。
M.同时,他反对“灾难性的急剧下滑”,即认可同性婚姻将必然要求得到其他人际关系的认可的争论。卢赛洛说:“与一夫多妻和近亲通婚不同,最高法院明确延伸了对于亲密的同性关系的宪法保护。”
N.国家女同性恋中心行政主任凯特·肯戴尔声称呼吁专家小组的观点“为我们国家更健康的发展创立了永久的里程碑——而且一个法庭毫无疑问会影响到其他法庭”。反对者对此很失望。“通过司法许可,法官可以呼吁同性婚姻合法.他们将永远不会使之合法,”家庭研究委员会主席托尼·铂金斯这样说,“所有法庭的力量都无法推翻国家法律。”
O.它的网站上出现了这样一条声明,建立在犹他州的近代圣人耶稣基督的教堂称它一直认为婚姻应该存在于男性和女性之间,但是“所有人都应该受到尊重”。预测到最终的决议将由最高法院做出,教徒说,“国家最高法院支持传统婚姻是我们的希望。”同时,丹佛的法院正在积极行动,联邦选举区在星期三推翻了印第安纳州关于同性通婚的禁令,并允许同性恋者立即成婚。
解析
此句意为“第十联合会设立在丹佛”,与D段中The 1Oth Circuit,which is based in Denver意思相同。因此,正确答案是D。
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