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单选题 英语四级
2017-05-19

 It can be inferred from the passage that, before the experiments of Bayliss and Starling, most people believed that chemical integration occurred only __

A.during sleep
B.in the endocrine glands
C.under control of the nervous system
D.during strenuous exercise

参考答案

C

答案解析

    定位:根据题干信息before the experiments of Bayliss and Starling可将答案定位到第二段最后一句。
解析:该句提到: “贝利斯和斯塔林通过展示特殊的细胞能分泌出化学物质(它们通过血液进行传输。并能够调控远距离的目标器官或组织),证明即便没有神经系统的参与,化学结合仍可能发生。,,而且本段第一句也提到“直至本世纪初,人们依然认为,人体内各部分的交流以及后续的行为整合只能在神经系统里进行”,由此可见,在贝利斯和斯塔林的实验之前,人们一直认为这一切都发生在神经系统里或必须有神经系统的参与。故选C。

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2 Questions are based on the following passage.
For reasons that are deeply rooted in culture and tradition, men significantly outnumber women in mathematics-based careers. As students progress through the mathematics courses, girls and boys show little difference in ability, effort, or interest in mathematics until adolescent years when course and career choices begin influencing school effort. Then, as social pressure increases and career goals are formed, girls' decisions to reduce effort in the study of mathematics progressively cut them off from many professional careers in the future.
Many girls drop mathematics in high school or in the transition to college. Others drop out later. Women perform virtually as well as men in college mathematics courses, but beyond the bachelor's degree women drop out of mathematics at twice the rate of men. Women now enter college nearly as well prepared in mathematics as men, and 46 percent of mathematics baccalaureates (学士学位)go to women. Despite this record, only 35 percent of the master's degrees and 17 percent of the Ph. D degrees in the mathematical sciences are earned by women.
Overall, women receive approximately one third of university degrees in science and engineering. The highest percentages of women are found in those sciences with the least mathematical prerequisite: psychology, biology, and sociology. The lowest percentages of women enter fields requiring the most mathematics, namely, physics, engineering, economics, geo-science, and chemistry. Evidence from many sources suggest that it is differences in course patterns rather than lack of ability that matter most in limiting women's access to careers in mathematically
intensive sciences.
Widely reported studies concerning the high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies ( 天才. —those who at age 12 perform at the level of average college students—often convey the impression that gender differences in mathematics are biologically determined. But evidence from the vast majority of students shows almost no difference in performance among male and female students who have taken equal advantage of similar opportunities to study mathematics. Inferences ( 推论)from very exceptional students—child prodigies—mean little about the performance of the general population.
According to the author, the learning abilities of males and females in mathematics are similar until they____.
A.enter high school
B.enter college
C.acquire their bachelor's degree
D.acquire their master's degree
A.master's degree in economics
B.master's degree in biology
C.doctor's degree in economics
D.doctor's degree in biology