英语四级
单选题根据下面资料，回答题
A Logger's Lament
A. My father was a logger. My husband is a logger. My sons will not be loggers. Loggers are an endangered species,but the environmental groups, which so righteously protect endangered species in the animal kingdom, have no concern for their fellow human beings under siege.Loggers are a much misunderstood people, pictured as brutal rapists of our planet, out to denude it of trees and, as a result, of wildlife.
B. It is time to set the record straight. Loggers take great pride in the old growth trees, the dinosaurs of the forests,and would be sorry to see them all cut. There are in the national forests in Washington and Oregon (not to mention other states) approximately 8.5 million acres of forested land, mostly old growth set aside, never to be used for timber production. In order to see it all, a man would have to spend every weekend and holiday for sixty years looking at timber at a rate of more than one-thousand acres per day. This does not include acreage to be set aside for spotted-owl protection.
C. In addition to this amount of forested land never to be logged, the State of Washington forest Practices Act,established in 1973,specifies that all land that is clear-cut of trees must be replanted unless converted to some other use. As a tree farmer generally plants more trees per acre than he removes, more trees are being planted than are being cut. In the last twenty years in Clark County,Washington,alone,the Department of Natural Resources has overseen the planting of at least 15000 acres of previously unforested private lands.
D. The term logger applies to the person harvesting trees. A tree farmer is the one who owns the land and determines what is to be done with it. To a tree farmer, clear-cutting is no more than the final harvest of that generation of trees. The next spring ,he reforests the land. To the public, clear-cutting is a bad word. Does the public cry shame when a wheat farmer harvests his crop and leaves a field of stubble in place of the beautiful wheat?
E. In the Pacific Northwest, in five years, the nearly planted trees will grow taller than the farmer' s head ;in ten years, more than fifteen feet tall; and in twenty to thirty years, the trees will be ready for the first commercial harvest. The farmer then thins the trees to make room for better growth. In forty to fifty years, he will be ready to clear-cut his farm and replant again. Contrary to public opinion, it does not take three hundred years to grow a Douglas fir tree to harvestable age.
F. Tree fanning keeps us in wood products. We build with wood, write on paper, and even use the unmentionable in the bathroom. But in order to keep this flow of wood products available, we need to keep it economically feasible to grow trees. If we restrict the tree-farming practices because we do not like clear-cuts or because some animals might (and probably might not) become extinct, or we restrict markets for the timber by banning log exports or overtax the farmer,we are creating a situation where the farmer will no longer grow trees. If he cannot make money,he will not tree-farm. He will sell his tree farm so that it can grow houses. The land that grows trees is the natural resource; the trees are just a crop.
G. Legislation is constantly being introduced to take away the private property rights of tree farmers. They are beleaguered by the public, who believe that any forest belongs to the public. Who, after all,buys the land and pays the taxes? Who invests money in property that will yield them an income only once every twenty to thirty years? Would John Q. Public picnic in a farmer' s wheat field?
H. The tree farmer must have a diversified market. When there is a building slump in this country, it is vital to the industry to have an export market. Earlier recessions were devastating to tree farmers until markets were developed overseas. Some trees have little market value in the United States. The logs China and Korea bought in the late 1980s could not be sold here to cover the cost of delivery.
I. As to the wildlife becoming extinct,that is a joke that is not very funny. Animals thrive in clear-cuts better than in old-growth timber. Look at the Mount St. Helens blast area. Nature created an immense clearing and now deer, elk,and other wildlife are returning in numbers.Why? Because there is more food growing in an open area than under the tall trees. And as for the spotted owl, surely the 8.5 million acres set aside is enough to maintain quite a respectable owl population. Numerous recent observations show that the owl lives in second-growth timber as well as in old growth. In the Wenatchee National Forest there are more than two hundred fifty examples of spotted owls living in other than old-growth timber. The owl is a tool of the environmentalist groups to get what they want: the complete eradication of the species Logger.
J. Consider the scenic value of a preserved old-growth forest versus a managed stand of timber. In Glacier National Park, Montana, for example, which is totally untouched, one sees the old trees, the dead and dying trees, the windfalls crisscrossing the forest. In a managed forest, one sees the older stands with the forest floor cleared of the dead windfalls, leaving a more park like setting. In the younger stands, one sees the beautiful new trees with their brilliant greens thrusting their tops to the sky and, in the clear-cuts, before the new trees obscure the view, one sees the huckleberry bushes with their luscious-tasting berries, the bright pink of fire weed and deer and elk feeding. True environmentalists husband the land;they do not let the crops stagnate and rot. Tree farming
regenerates the trees and utilizes the product.
Tree farmers need an economical guarantee to keep the wood products markets run smoothly.
A Logger's Lament
A. My father was a logger. My husband is a logger. My sons will not be loggers. Loggers are an endangered species,but the environmental groups, which so righteously protect endangered species in the animal kingdom, have no concern for their fellow human beings under siege.Loggers are a much misunderstood people, pictured as brutal rapists of our planet, out to denude it of trees and, as a result, of wildlife.
B. It is time to set the record straight. Loggers take great pride in the old growth trees, the dinosaurs of the forests,and would be sorry to see them all cut. There are in the national forests in Washington and Oregon (not to mention other states) approximately 8.5 million acres of forested land, mostly old growth set aside, never to be used for timber production. In order to see it all, a man would have to spend every weekend and holiday for sixty years looking at timber at a rate of more than one-thousand acres per day. This does not include acreage to be set aside for spotted-owl protection.
C. In addition to this amount of forested land never to be logged, the State of Washington forest Practices Act,established in 1973,specifies that all land that is clear-cut of trees must be replanted unless converted to some other use. As a tree farmer generally plants more trees per acre than he removes, more trees are being planted than are being cut. In the last twenty years in Clark County,Washington,alone,the Department of Natural Resources has overseen the planting of at least 15000 acres of previously unforested private lands.
D. The term logger applies to the person harvesting trees. A tree farmer is the one who owns the land and determines what is to be done with it. To a tree farmer, clear-cutting is no more than the final harvest of that generation of trees. The next spring ,he reforests the land. To the public, clear-cutting is a bad word. Does the public cry shame when a wheat farmer harvests his crop and leaves a field of stubble in place of the beautiful wheat?
E. In the Pacific Northwest, in five years, the nearly planted trees will grow taller than the farmer' s head ;in ten years, more than fifteen feet tall; and in twenty to thirty years, the trees will be ready for the first commercial harvest. The farmer then thins the trees to make room for better growth. In forty to fifty years, he will be ready to clear-cut his farm and replant again. Contrary to public opinion, it does not take three hundred years to grow a Douglas fir tree to harvestable age.
F. Tree fanning keeps us in wood products. We build with wood, write on paper, and even use the unmentionable in the bathroom. But in order to keep this flow of wood products available, we need to keep it economically feasible to grow trees. If we restrict the tree-farming practices because we do not like clear-cuts or because some animals might (and probably might not) become extinct, or we restrict markets for the timber by banning log exports or overtax the farmer,we are creating a situation where the farmer will no longer grow trees. If he cannot make money,he will not tree-farm. He will sell his tree farm so that it can grow houses. The land that grows trees is the natural resource; the trees are just a crop.
G. Legislation is constantly being introduced to take away the private property rights of tree farmers. They are beleaguered by the public, who believe that any forest belongs to the public. Who, after all,buys the land and pays the taxes? Who invests money in property that will yield them an income only once every twenty to thirty years? Would John Q. Public picnic in a farmer' s wheat field?
H. The tree farmer must have a diversified market. When there is a building slump in this country, it is vital to the industry to have an export market. Earlier recessions were devastating to tree farmers until markets were developed overseas. Some trees have little market value in the United States. The logs China and Korea bought in the late 1980s could not be sold here to cover the cost of delivery.
I. As to the wildlife becoming extinct,that is a joke that is not very funny. Animals thrive in clear-cuts better than in old-growth timber. Look at the Mount St. Helens blast area. Nature created an immense clearing and now deer, elk,and other wildlife are returning in numbers.Why? Because there is more food growing in an open area than under the tall trees. And as for the spotted owl, surely the 8.5 million acres set aside is enough to maintain quite a respectable owl population. Numerous recent observations show that the owl lives in second-growth timber as well as in old growth. In the Wenatchee National Forest there are more than two hundred fifty examples of spotted owls living in other than old-growth timber. The owl is a tool of the environmentalist groups to get what they want: the complete eradication of the species Logger.
J. Consider the scenic value of a preserved old-growth forest versus a managed stand of timber. In Glacier National Park, Montana, for example, which is totally untouched, one sees the old trees, the dead and dying trees, the windfalls crisscrossing the forest. In a managed forest, one sees the older stands with the forest floor cleared of the dead windfalls, leaving a more park like setting. In the younger stands, one sees the beautiful new trees with their brilliant greens thrusting their tops to the sky and, in the clear-cuts, before the new trees obscure the view, one sees the huckleberry bushes with their luscious-tasting berries, the bright pink of fire weed and deer and elk feeding. True environmentalists husband the land;they do not let the crops stagnate and rot. Tree farming
regenerates the trees and utilizes the product.
Tree farmers need an economical guarantee to keep the wood products markets run smoothly.
参考答案：F进入在线模考
译文
一个伐木工的哀叹
A.我的父亲是一名伐木工，我的丈夫也是伐木工。而我的儿子则不会子承父业。伐木工是一项濒临灭绝的工作。然而，环境组织能够在动物王国里如此正义地保护濒危物种，却丝毫未对遭受困境的人类同胞给予关心。伐木工人是一个被人们误解的群体，被恶意刻画成地球的残酷强奸犯。剥取树木的保护衣，结果连野生动物也遭受迫害。
B.是时候纠正人们的想法了。伐木工人为年代悠久的树木、丛林恐龙而自豪，也为树木的砍伐而深感遗憾。华盛顿和俄勒冈州国家森林(更不用说其他州)大约有850万英亩的森林土地，主要以年代悠久的树木为主，因此一直被保护着，而不用于木材生产。为了目击这一切，一个人要花60年，利用每个周末和假日以每天超过一千英亩的速度才能做到。这还不包括为保护斑点猫头鹰预留的区域。
C.除了这片森林覆盖的土地未被砍伐外，1973年成立的《华盛顿州森林法》特别明确除非土地转为其他用途，所有经树木砍伐的土地都必须重新种植树木。基本上一个树农每英亩种植的树木要比砍掉的树木多，砍伐的树要明显比种植的树木少。在过去的20年里，自然资源部见证了仅仅是华盛顿的克拉克县，就在没有树木的私人土地上种植了至少15000公顷的树木。
D.“伐木工”这一术语适用于砍伐树木的人。树农指的是拥有土地并决定其用途的人。对树农而言，砍伐树木无非是一代树木的最后收成。第二年春天，他要重新种植。而对于公众，砍树是一个贬义词。当麦农收割金黄的麦子．土地代之以残梗．你能因为伤心而羞辱他吗?
E.在太平洋西北地区，只用5年，刚种植的树木就会长得比农民的头还要高；10年，就会有15多英尺高；而20年到30年，树木便能成为第一个商业收成。农民会疏散树木以便获得更好的生长空间。再用40到50年，他将彻底砍掉所有树木，重新种植。与公众意见相反的是，收获道格拉斯冷杉树并不需要花300年的时间。
F.伐木业赐给我们木制品。我们用木材建房，造纸来写字，甚至用于洗漱间用品。但为了保证木制品的市场流通性．则需要保持种植树木在经济上的可行性。如果因为我们不喜欢全面砍伐树木导致的动物濒临灭绝(或许不会)而限制伐木业发展，亦或是通过禁止原木出口或加重树木税收而限制木材市场，那么，我们就是在迫使农民放弃种树。如果不能赚钱，他就不会再从事伐木业。他会卖掉农场，建立屋舍。树木生长的土地是自然资源：而树木只是作物。
G.立法在不断地夺取树农的私有财产权。他们被公众逼入困境，因为公众认定任何土地全民所有。他们是土地的买主和纳税人。他们在财产上投资的钱要历经20～30年才能收到效益?约翰问：公众可以在农民的麦田上野餐吗?
H.树农必须拥有多样化的市场。如果国家房地产出现暴跌，那么这个行业拥有一个出口市场就是至关重要的。早期的经济衰退对树农具有毁灭性的危害直到海外市场的开发。有些树在美国没有市场价值。20世纪80年代后期。中国和韩国购买的木材卖出的价格甚至都支付不起运费。
I.野生动物濒临灭绝，这绝不是一个有趣的玩笑。动物在全面砍伐树木的地区比在年代久远树木生长的地区更昌盛。看看圣海伦火山爆炸区域。大自然制造了一次彻底的清除活动，现在鹿、麇鹿和其他野生动物数量正在回归正轨。为什么?因为较之高大的树木，有更多的食物生长于空旷的地区。对于斑点猫头鹰而言，预留的850万英亩土地可以确保相当可观的猫头鹰数量。许多最近的观察表明，猫头鹰可同时生活于二次生长的树木和旧树木之中。猫头鹰是让环保团体得到他们想要的结果的一种工具：彻底消灭伐木工人。
J.考虑一下保存原始森林的风景价值和管理木材的立场。例如，在保存完好的蒙大拿州国家冰川公园里，有年代悠久的树，已经枯朽的树和面临死亡的树，错综复杂地交错生长在森林里。在管理有序的森林里，老树生长在死去的树的根基上．制造出一种花园式的创意。年轻的树木冒着绿芽，意气风发地向天空伸展自己的绿衣。在全面根除树木的土地上，在新树还未来得及欣赏美景之前，越橘带着它诱人的果子便优先茂密地生长起来，还有亮粉色的野莴苣，鹿和麇鹿正在进食。真正的环保主义者会节俭地使用土地，他们不会让作物停止生长和腐烂。伐木业赋予树木重生的机会，并充分利用木制产品。
词汇解析
Logger n．樵夫，伐木工
Reforest v．重新造林
Feasible adj．可行的：可能的：可实行的
Diversified adj．多样化的；各种的
信息明示题。题干：树农需要经济保障来保持木材制品市场的平稳运行。题干关键词是an economical guarantee和the wood products markets。文中F段第三句提到，为了保证木制品的市场流通性，我们需要保持种植树木在经济上的可行性。与题干吻合，故选F。
一个伐木工的哀叹
A.我的父亲是一名伐木工，我的丈夫也是伐木工。而我的儿子则不会子承父业。伐木工是一项濒临灭绝的工作。然而，环境组织能够在动物王国里如此正义地保护濒危物种，却丝毫未对遭受困境的人类同胞给予关心。伐木工人是一个被人们误解的群体，被恶意刻画成地球的残酷强奸犯。剥取树木的保护衣，结果连野生动物也遭受迫害。
B.是时候纠正人们的想法了。伐木工人为年代悠久的树木、丛林恐龙而自豪，也为树木的砍伐而深感遗憾。华盛顿和俄勒冈州国家森林(更不用说其他州)大约有850万英亩的森林土地，主要以年代悠久的树木为主，因此一直被保护着，而不用于木材生产。为了目击这一切，一个人要花60年，利用每个周末和假日以每天超过一千英亩的速度才能做到。这还不包括为保护斑点猫头鹰预留的区域。
C.除了这片森林覆盖的土地未被砍伐外，1973年成立的《华盛顿州森林法》特别明确除非土地转为其他用途，所有经树木砍伐的土地都必须重新种植树木。基本上一个树农每英亩种植的树木要比砍掉的树木多，砍伐的树要明显比种植的树木少。在过去的20年里，自然资源部见证了仅仅是华盛顿的克拉克县，就在没有树木的私人土地上种植了至少15000公顷的树木。
D.“伐木工”这一术语适用于砍伐树木的人。树农指的是拥有土地并决定其用途的人。对树农而言，砍伐树木无非是一代树木的最后收成。第二年春天，他要重新种植。而对于公众，砍树是一个贬义词。当麦农收割金黄的麦子．土地代之以残梗．你能因为伤心而羞辱他吗?
E.在太平洋西北地区，只用5年，刚种植的树木就会长得比农民的头还要高；10年，就会有15多英尺高；而20年到30年，树木便能成为第一个商业收成。农民会疏散树木以便获得更好的生长空间。再用40到50年，他将彻底砍掉所有树木，重新种植。与公众意见相反的是，收获道格拉斯冷杉树并不需要花300年的时间。
F.伐木业赐给我们木制品。我们用木材建房，造纸来写字，甚至用于洗漱间用品。但为了保证木制品的市场流通性．则需要保持种植树木在经济上的可行性。如果因为我们不喜欢全面砍伐树木导致的动物濒临灭绝(或许不会)而限制伐木业发展，亦或是通过禁止原木出口或加重树木税收而限制木材市场，那么，我们就是在迫使农民放弃种树。如果不能赚钱，他就不会再从事伐木业。他会卖掉农场，建立屋舍。树木生长的土地是自然资源：而树木只是作物。
G.立法在不断地夺取树农的私有财产权。他们被公众逼入困境，因为公众认定任何土地全民所有。他们是土地的买主和纳税人。他们在财产上投资的钱要历经20～30年才能收到效益?约翰问：公众可以在农民的麦田上野餐吗?
H.树农必须拥有多样化的市场。如果国家房地产出现暴跌，那么这个行业拥有一个出口市场就是至关重要的。早期的经济衰退对树农具有毁灭性的危害直到海外市场的开发。有些树在美国没有市场价值。20世纪80年代后期。中国和韩国购买的木材卖出的价格甚至都支付不起运费。
I.野生动物濒临灭绝，这绝不是一个有趣的玩笑。动物在全面砍伐树木的地区比在年代久远树木生长的地区更昌盛。看看圣海伦火山爆炸区域。大自然制造了一次彻底的清除活动，现在鹿、麇鹿和其他野生动物数量正在回归正轨。为什么?因为较之高大的树木，有更多的食物生长于空旷的地区。对于斑点猫头鹰而言，预留的850万英亩土地可以确保相当可观的猫头鹰数量。许多最近的观察表明，猫头鹰可同时生活于二次生长的树木和旧树木之中。猫头鹰是让环保团体得到他们想要的结果的一种工具：彻底消灭伐木工人。
J.考虑一下保存原始森林的风景价值和管理木材的立场。例如，在保存完好的蒙大拿州国家冰川公园里，有年代悠久的树，已经枯朽的树和面临死亡的树，错综复杂地交错生长在森林里。在管理有序的森林里，老树生长在死去的树的根基上．制造出一种花园式的创意。年轻的树木冒着绿芽，意气风发地向天空伸展自己的绿衣。在全面根除树木的土地上，在新树还未来得及欣赏美景之前，越橘带着它诱人的果子便优先茂密地生长起来，还有亮粉色的野莴苣，鹿和麇鹿正在进食。真正的环保主义者会节俭地使用土地，他们不会让作物停止生长和腐烂。伐木业赋予树木重生的机会，并充分利用木制产品。
词汇解析
Logger n．樵夫，伐木工
Reforest v．重新造林
Feasible adj．可行的：可能的：可实行的
Diversified adj．多样化的；各种的
信息明示题。题干：树农需要经济保障来保持木材制品市场的平稳运行。题干关键词是an economical guarantee和the wood products markets。文中F段第三句提到，为了保证木制品的市场流通性，我们需要保持种植树木在经济上的可行性。与题干吻合，故选F。
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