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单选题

A．People seldom talk about happiness these days.
B．The number of books with "happiness" in the title is less than 40.
C．There is a huge wave of interest in happiness among researchers.
D．There are a few traps that make it possible to think straight about happiness.

参考答案：C进入在线模考

Everybody talks about happiness these days. I had somebody count the number of books with "happiness" in the title published in the last five years and they gave up after about 40, and there were many more. (23) There is a huge wave of interest in happiness among researchers. But in spite of all this flood of work, there are several cognitive traps that sort of make it almost impossible to think straight about happiness.
(24) The first of these traps is a reluctance to admit complexity. It turns out that the word "happiness" is just not a useful word anymore, because we apply it to too many different things. The second trap is a confusion between experience and memory; basically, it's between being happy in your life and being happy about your life or happy with your life. And the third is the focusing illusion, and it's the unfortunate fact that we can't think about any circumstance that affects our well-being without distorting its importance.
Now, I'd like to start with an example of a story reported by somebody who had a question-and-answer session after one of my lectures. He said he'd been listening to a symphony, and it was absolutely glorious music and at the very end of the recording, there was a dreadful sound. And then he added, it ruined the whole experience. But it hadn't. What it had mined were the memories of the experience. He had had the experience. He had had 20 minutes of glorious music.
What this is telling us, really, is that we might be thinking of ourselves and of other people in terms of two selves. (25) There is an experiencing self, who lives in the present and knows the present, and is capable of reliving the past, but basically it has only the present. And then there is a remembering self, and the remembering self is the one that keeps score, and maintains the story of our life. Those are two very different entities, the experiencing self and the remembering self, and getting confused between them is part of the mess about the notion of happiness.
What does the speaker say about happiness? C。

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A．The huge wave of interest in happiness.
B．A reluctance to admit complexity.
C．A confusion between experience and memory.
D．The focusing illusion.

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A．It is someone who lives in the past.
B．It is someone who is capable of re-living the past.
C．It is someone who maintains the story of our life.
D．It is similar to the remembering self.

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3Questions are based on the following passage.
The selfishness of humans is a central assumption of orthodox (传统的) economics, where it is thought to lead to benefits for the economy as a whole. It is what the 18th-century Scottish economist Adam Smith described as the "invisible hand". But evolutionary biologists have come to see cooperation and selflessness as a big part of our（26） as a species. During the course of our evolution, they point out, cooperative groups （27） outcompeted groups of cheats. So we are inherently cooperative when operating within our own groups. We have also （28） social mechanisms to reinforce actions that benefit the group. "You could say teamwork at the scale of small groups is the signature （29） of our species," says evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson from Binghamton University in New York. But （30） teamwork can include a competition mechanism to promote actions that benefit the group, particularly in larger groups. It's also important to remember that in-group cooperation evolved partly in response to competition between groups.
This evolutionary perspective is radically new to economics, and it could be relevant to grand-scale economic problems that require solutions involving cooperation between nations. Take the challenge of getting nations to work together over economic solutions to climate change--a （31） focus in the run-up to climate negotiations in Paris, France, later this year. This is a gargantuan (巨大的) problem from any perspective, but it is （32） an issue of coordination for the sake of the common good at a massive scale, says Wilson. "The challenge is therefore to （33） at larger scales the coordination and control that takes place more spontaneously at smaller scales," he says--from multicellular(多细胞的) organisms to village-sized groups of humans.
"Morality evolved out of cooperation within and competition between groups, so when acting as a single group to tackle global problems we will have to （34） the role of natural selection ourselves," Wilson says.
This might involve pursuing a wide variety of （35）, identifying those that work best, and then creating incentives to cooperate on implementation. "In some ways it's the opposite of the invisible hand."
A. adaptation
B. assume
C. compel
D. consistently
E. developed
F. effective
G. essentially
H. implement
I. particular
J. promptly
K. remarkable
L. rumor
M. strategies
N. success
O. Suspicion
第（26）题选

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