Questionsare based on the following passage. Musicians--from karaoke -考呗网

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单选题Questionsare based on the following passage.
Musicians--from karaoke singers to professional violin players--are better able to hear targeted sounds in a noisy environment, according to a piece of new research that adds to evidence that music makes the brain work better.
"In the past ten years there's been an explosion of research on music and the brain," Aniruddh Patel, the Senior Fellow at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, said today at a press briefing.
Most recently brain-imaging studies have shown that music activates many diverse parts of the brain, including an overlap where the brain processes music and language.
Language is a natural aspect to consider in looking at how music affects the brain, Patel said. Like music, language is "universal, there's a strong learning component, and it carries complex meanings."
For example, brains of people exposed to even casual musical training have an enhanced ability to generate the brain wave patterns associated with specific sounds, be they musical or spoken, said study leader Nina Kraus, director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University in Illinois.
Kraus' previous research had shown that when a person listens to a sound, the brain wave recorded in response is physically the same as the sound wave itself. In fact, "playing" the brain wave produces a nearly identical sound.
But for people without a trained ear for music, the ability to make these patterns decreases as background noise increases, experiments show. Musicians, by contrast, have subconsciously trained their brains to better recognize selective sound patterns, even as background noise goes up.
At the same time, people with certain developmental disorders, such as dyslexia (阅读障碍症), have a harder time hearing sounds amid the noise--a serious problem, for example, for students straining to hear the teacher in a noisy classroom.
Musical experience could therefore be a key therapy for children with dyslexia and similar language-related disorders, Kraus said.
In a similar vein, Harvard Medical School neuroscientist Gottfried Schlaug has found that stroke patients who have lost the ability to speak can be trained to say hundreds of phrases by singing them first.
In his research, Schlaug demonstrated the results of intensive musical therapy on patients with lesions (损伤) on the left sides of their brains,those areas most associated with language.
Before the therapy, these stroke patients responded to questions with largely incoherent sounds and phrases. But after just a few minutes with therapists, who asked them to sing phrases and tap their hands to the rhythm, the patients could sing "Happy Birthday," recite their addresses, and communicate ff they were thirsty.
"The underdeveloped systems on the right side of the brain that respond to music became enhanced and changed structures," Schlaug said.
Overall, Schlaug said, the experiments show that "music might be an alternative medium for engaging parts of the brain that are otherwise not engaged. "
According to Patel, the function of language is usually under consideration when __________.

A．people tend to study the relation between music and the brain
B．musicians try to explain the profound meaning behind a piece of music
C．scientists do experiments on the function of different parts of the brain
D．audience participate in the discussion on the complexity of music

参考答案：A进入在线模考

全文翻译
某项新研究表明，音乐家们——从卡拉OK歌手到职业小提琴演奏家——都能更好地在嘈杂的环境中听到目标声音，这更有力地证明了音乐能使大脑更好地工作。
圣地亚哥神经科学学院的资深研究员安尼瑞德·帕特今天在新闻发布会上说道：“在过去十年中．人们对音乐和大脑关系的研究非常多。”
最近大脑成像研究已经表明，音乐可以激活大脑多个部位，包括大脑处理音乐和语言的重叠部位。
(46)帕特盘示，人们在研究音乐如何影响大脑时，自然会羞虑语言的因素。语言像音乐一样是“普遍存在的，大脑中有很强的学习部件，能承栽复杂的意思。”
伊利诺伊州西北大学听觉神经实验室主任尼纳·柯若斯是该研究的领导者。她说，举个例子，即使只接受过非正式音乐训练的人，其大脑根据特定声音产生脑波的能力也会有所提高，无论这个声音是乐音还是说话声。
(47-1)柯若斯以前的研究已经盘明，当人听到某种声音时，由此产生的脑波与声波具有物理相似性。实际上，“演奏”脑波可产生几乎一模一样的声音。
(47-2)但实验表明，对于没有经过音乐训练的人来说，他们形成这种脑波模式的能力会随着背景噪音的增强而下降。与他们相反，音乐家已经下意识地训练了自己的大脑，能够更好地识别特定的声音模式，即使背景噪声加强，也不会受到影响。
同时，对于患有某些发展障碍症的人们，如患有阅读障碍症的人来说，在一片嘈杂声中就更难听到特定的声音了——这是个严重的问题，比如，学生在嘈杂的教室中很难听到老师在说什么。
(48)柯若斯认为对于患有阅读障碍症和类似的语言性紊乱疾病的儿童来说，听音乐可能会是个关键的治疗方法。
(49)哈佛医学院神经科学家高特福瑞德·斯克朗也有类似发现。他发现丧失了语言能力的中风病人可以先训练唱出成百上千的短语。然后再练习说出这些短语。
在其研究中，斯克朗阐释了对大脑左半球损伤患者进行密集音乐疗法的结果。大脑左半球与语言功能密切相关。
治疗前，这些中风病人回答问题时，只能给出断断续续的声音和短语。但治疗师仅用几分钟的时间让他们唱出词组，并随节奏拍手后，病人们就能唱出“生日快乐歌”，背诵出他们的住址，而且还能就是否口渴与人交流。
(50)斯克朗说：“经过音乐训练后，(中风病人)未得到充分发展的右脑得到了发展，结构也改变了。”总而言之，斯克朗说，实验表明“音乐可能会使那些没有开发的大脑部分得到开发”。
详解详析
根据题干中的Patel定位到原文第四段第一句。
事实细节题。由定位句可知，人们在研究音乐如何影响大脑时，自然会考虑语言的因素，因此A为本题答案。B“音乐家试图解释一段音乐背后的深刻含义”，原文未提及，故排除；C“科学家就大脑各部分功能进行实验”是对原文的主观臆断，故排除；D“观众参与音乐复杂性的讨论”，原文未提及，故排除。

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1Why can musicians hear selective sound patterns in a noisy environment?

A．Because they have subconsciously trained their ears to get accustomed to those sound patterns.
B．Because their brains have been trained to recognize specific sound patterns in noisy background.
C．Because they can produce the brain wave patterns the same as those sound patterns.
D．Because their trained ears are sensitive to specific sounds no matter where they are.

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2According to Kraus, the significance of the link between music and the brain lies in the fact that ___________.

A．language ability can be enhanced by listening to music
B．all kinds of brain disorders can be cured by listening to music
C．music is the sole method to deal with mental diseases
D．music can be effective in treating people with language problems

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3How can stroke patients be treated in Schlaug's findings?

A．They should utter a phrase a hundred times a day when starting the recovery training.
B．They should chant phrases instead of saying them at the beginning stage of the training.
C．Doctors should persuade them to sing songs every day to regain their speaking ability.
D．They should practise singing the phrases after saying them hundreds of times every day.

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