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单选题 英语六级
2016-12-04

Questions are based on the following passage.
Secrets of Grade-A Parents
[A] When Carey Graham started Grade One, he got a very special teacher. "She recognised my passion for learning," says the now 20-year-old. "Every morning we'd sit down with workbooks and do writing and maths exercises. And any time during the day, she could always be counted on to read to me. She always encouraged me to learn all I could about everything." This extraordinary teacher was his mum, Jeanne Lambert, who homeschooled Graham until high school. He's now in his second year in the University of Toronto's Peace and Conflict Studies program, having received a provincial "Aiming for the Top" scholarship. Graham is considering a law degree or a master's in political science down the road. He attributes his academic success to the foundation laid by his parents.
[B] While Graham's type of education is becoming more and more popular, most people can't give up the time or income to teach their kids at home, and many are more confident about mainstream schooling. But even if you send your kids off on the school bus every morning, you can still give them many of the benefits of homeschooling. After all, you've been teaching your children successfully since infancy, and that teaching role doesn't end just because a child is in school. Parents need to remind themselves that no matter how qualified their child's teacher is,they are the ones who know their child best -- what motivates and excites him, when he has the energy to learn.
[C] "You can't be a parent without being a teacher," says Bruce Arai, a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology (人类学) at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario."Perhaps the most important teaching in a child's life is done by his parents, not by some professionals with certificates," he says. Homeschooling isn't about sitting your kids down in the kitchen and teaching them in the formal sense, Arai says, but about "making sure the resources and opportunities for learning are available to them". And that, any parent can do.
[D] Here, then, are some methods that parents (who would never consider homeschooling. can pick up from those who do.
[E] "Education can take place anywhere," says homeschooler Gina Rozon of La Ronge, Sask.When her ten-year-old daughter, Liana, became interested in rocks, Rozon didn't just consult a book for information. "I phoned some friends until I found somebody who knew somebody who was married to a geologist (地质学家). He was happy to come over and examine Liana's rocks with her. He also told us about his job at a mine and the education required to do it."
[F] When homeschooler Kerri Paquette, a mother of six, was building a house in Lansdowne, she saw it as a learning opportunity. Her kids, aged 3 to 13, continue to view the world as their classroom. They study food and plant growth through their organic garden. They learn about cows by talking to the neighbouring farmers. And they learn maths, measuring and science while helping Paquette cook. "The other day my nine-year-old Maddison started learning a new educational computer programme. The section on fractions was all new, but she knew it from when we baked." Every activity, says Paquette, can include a lesson.
[G] "We don't have a time frame that restricts our investigations, and we don't have a daily schedule," says Linda Clement, who homeschools her two daughters in Victoria. When her 14-year-old daughter showed an interest in the human body, the curious student read dozens of relevant books and surfed websites. Janet's curiosity took her in all sorts of directions: a dictionary of poisons and antidotes (解毒剂), an enc.vclopedia (百科全书) of medicine, books about human personality and much more. The benefit to your child goes beyond a thorough knowledge of a subject. Studying deeply a topic builds independent research skills and a love of learning. "If my children are interested in a subject," says Clement, "we can go as far into the subject as possible, answering as many questions as they have, as long as it is necessary. This freedom encourages their investigations."
[H] Some children are visual learners (they absorb best when they see something., some are auditory (听觉的) (they need to hear it), some are kinesthetic (动觉的) (they need hands-on experience. and some are a combination. Uncovering how your child learns best will increase your effectiveness in helping him or her with schoolwork.
[I] The way Melissa Cowl's six children, aged 3 to 15, pick up on maths highlights the great differences in learning styles. "Our ten-year-old Matthew needs everything in black and white:Tell him what to do and how to do it, and it's done," says the mother. "He had a maths text that was too colourful, with a layout that was difficult to follow. I switched to a text that was more step-by-step, more concrete. Now he does maths tests with no trouble".
[J] One of the best parts of homeschooling is that you can continue your own education - and your kids can see you doing it and pick up on your love of learning. The same principle can be applied by any parent.
[K] "Learning never ends," says Julia Goforth, a homeschooling mother of four. "We try new things all the time, whether I'm reading something new or we're all tasting foods we'd never normally eat."
[L] Learning doesn't always go smoothly, for kids and adults alike, which is why it's important for children to see their parents struggle with something new. "My children watched me turn my life around by trying new things," says Goforth. "I went from being a fearful, stay-at-home mum to an adventurous artist's model and public speaker. Learning belly dance and violin is on my to-do list this year."
[M] "Helping them isn't about showing your kids how to do the work. It's about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they're learning," says J. Gary Knowles, a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
[N] Rozon has many suggestions for how to get more involved. "Get to know the teacher. Discuss ways to design the assignments according to your child's learning style. Spend time in the classroom. Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find additional materials at the library or through videos. Read your child's textbooks: If you work a few pages ahead, you'll be able to help them with problems they encounter. Reading is another must," says Rozon. "Even after your children can read themselves, hearing somebody else read aloud is important. We nearly always bring a book wherever we go; we read for at least a half-hour before bedtime."
[O] "The more engaged a parent is, the more the child benefits," adds Bruce Arai. "The evidence is clear: Parental involvement is one of the most important factors in school success. The hours children spend in class are but one element of their education."
Janet read books about human personality in order to have a better understanding of the human body.

参考答案

G

答案解析

本文主要说明家长如何进行家庭教育才能培养出出色的孩子。[A]~[D]段通过一个成功的案例,引出家长对孩子进行家庭教育的五种方法。[E]、[F]段讲让孩子在课外思考:(G]段讲消除学习的限制。[H]、[1]段讲因材施教。[J]~[L]段讲让孩子看见你学习.[M]~[O]段讲“拥有”你孩子的教育:
优秀父母的秘密
[A][41]凯里·格雷厄姆读一年级时,遇到了一位非常特别的老师,这个如今已经20岁的年轻人说:“她看出我对学习的热爱,每天早晨我们都会拿练习本一起坐下来写作文,做数学题。白天任何时候,她都可以读书给我听。她总是鼓励我去学习我能掌握的一切东西.”[41]这位不同寻常的老师就是他的妈妈珍妮·兰伯特,她在家教格雷厄姆读书,一直到他上高中。[37]现在是凯里在多伦多大学攻读和平与冲突研究的课程的第二年,并且刚获得了该省“力争卓越”奖学金。格雷厄姆正考虑将来攻读法律学位或政治科学的硕士学位,他把学业上所取得的成就归功于父母为他打下的基础。
[B]尽管格雷厄姆接受的这种教育形式越来越受欢迎,但是大多数人还是不能牺牲时间或收入在家教孩子读书,而且许多人更信任主流的学校教育,然而,即使你每天早上乘坐校车送孩子去上学,你仍然可以让他们从家庭教育中受益良多。毕竟,从孩子的婴儿期开始,你教育孩子就一直很成功,而那种教育的作用并不会仅仅因为孩子上学就终止。父母需要提醒自己,无论孩子的老师多么称职,父母始终是最了解孩子的人,比如什么能激励他,什么能使他兴奋,什么时候他有精力学习。
[C]来自安大略滑铁卢的威尔弗里德·劳里埃大学社会学和人类学系的布鲁斯·阿拉伊教授说:“父母都在扮演着老师的角色。”他说:“也许孩子生命中最重要的教育是由父母来完成的,而不是一些有证书的专业人士。”[43]阿拉伊提到,家庭教育不是指让孩子坐在厨房里,进行正式意义上的教学,而是要“确保各种学习资源和机会能为他们所利用”.在这一点上,任何父母都可以做到。
[D]从来没有考虑过家庭教育的父母可以向那些有这方面经验的人们学习以下一些方法。
[E]萨斯喀彻温省拉龙日市的家庭教育者吉娜·罗宗说:“教育可以在任何地方进行、”当她10岁的女儿利安娜对岩石感兴趣时,这位母亲并没有只是找书查资料“我先给一些朋友打电话,后果发现某个朋友的朋友的丈夫是位地质学家。他很高兴过来和利安娜一起观察她的岩石,还告诉我们他在矿山上的工作情况和该工作所需要的教育。”
[F][39]家庭教育者克里·帕克特是六个孩子的母亲,她在兰斯多恩建房时将其看作一次教育机会。她的孩子们,最小的3岁,最大的13岁,一直把世界看作是他们的课堂。他们通过有机花园米研究食物和植物的生长,通过附近的农民们交谈来了解母牛,[45]在帮帕克特烹调时学习数掌、测量和科学方面的知识。“前些日子,我9岁的孩子麦迪逊开始学习一门新的电脑教学课。她从未学过分数,但在我们一起烤面包时她就学会了。”帕克特说,每项活动都包含一门学问。
[G]琳达.克莱门特在位于维多利亚的家中教两个女儿读书,她说:“我们不用时间范围来限制我们的观察,也没有日程表。”[36]她14岁的女儿对人体产生兴趣时,好奇地读了许多相关的书,并在网络上查找资料。珍妮特的好奇心指引她学习心指引她学习各种知识:一本毒药和解药的的词典,一本医学百科全书以及关于人格等各方面的书籍。孩子收获的不仅仅是对一门学科知识的全面了解。对一个主题的深入研究培乔了孩于独立研究的技能和对学习的热爱。克莱门特说:“如果我的孩子对一门学科感兴趣,只要有必要,我们就尽可能地深入了解这门学科的知识,尽可能地回答他们的每一个问题。这种自由激励他们去进行探冤。”
[H]有些孩子是视觉学习者(他们视觉学习时效果最佳),有些是听觉学习者(他们需要听到要学习的内容),[42]有些是动手学习者(需要实践经验),还有些综合视觉、听觉和动手实践来学习。了解你的孩子属于哪种学习类型有助于你更好地帮助他们学习。
[I]梅利莎.考尔有6个孩子,年龄从3岁到l5岁不等,他们学习数学的方式体现了他们学习风格的巨大差异。[38]“我们10岁的儿子马修喜欢一切黑白分明的东西:告诉他做什么,怎么去做,:就可以了。这位母亲说,“他有一本数学书太花哨了,排版布局也很难理解。我给他换了一本更循序渐进、内容更具体的书。现在他的数学考试没有任何问题。”
[J]家庭教育一个最大的好处就是你能继续自我学习——孩子看见你在学习,会注意到你对学习的热情,而这种热情会感染他们。任何父母都可以对这一原则加以利用。
[K]“学无止境,”朱莉娅·戈福思说,她是4个孩子的母亲,在家教他们读书。“无论是读新的东西,还是品尝我们通常不会吃的东西,我们一直都在尝试新的事物。”
[L]学习并非总是顺利的,孩子和成年人都一样,因此让孩子看到父母努力学习新东西是很重要的。“我的孩子看到我通过尝试新事物而改变了我的生活,”戈福思说,[44]“我以前是一位整天在家待着的塑塑,胆小怕事,而现在却成了一位富有冒险精神的艺术家的模特和公共演说者。我今年还打算学习肚皮舞和小提琴。,”
[M]安大略教育研究所的J.加里·诺尔斯教授说:“帮助你的孩子并不是告诉他们如何去做功课,而要表现出真正的兴趣,定期和他们交谈以了解他们的学习情况?”
[N]罗宗对于如何更多地参与有许多建议,他说道:“认识孩子的老师。讨论如何根据孩子学习风格设计作业。去旁听课。索要单元的学习大纲,这样你可以在图书馆或是在电视节目上找到补充资料。阅读孩子的教科书:如果提前阅读,你就可以帮助他们解决遇到的问题。阅读是另一个必须做的事。即使你的孩子能够自主阅读,听其他人大声朗读还是很重要的。无论我们去哪里,基本上都带一本书;睡觉前我们至少会读上半个小时。”
[O]“父母参与越多,孩子受益越多,”布鲁斯·阿拉伊补充道。“[40]有证据清楚地表明:父母的参与是孩子在学校取得成功的最重要的因素之一。上课时间仅仅是孩子教育的一部分而已。”
【定位】根据题目中的Janet,books about human personality和the human body可将本题出处定位于[G]段第2、3句。
【解析】[G]。[G]段第2句提到,珍妮特对人体产生兴趣时,出于好奇读了许多相关的书,并在网络上查找资料,接着第3句具体介绍了她所读的书:一本关于毒药和解药的词典,一本医学百科全书以及关于人格等各方面的书籍。由此可知,珍妮特为了更好地了解人体阅读了关于人格方面的书籍,本题正是对该信息的重现、,