Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or　unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C．and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　What is sports violence? The distinction between unacceptable viciousness and a game's normal rough-and-tumble (混战) is impossible to make, or so the argument runs. This position may appeal to our inclination for legalism, but the truth is.most of us know quite well when an act of needless savagery has been committed, and sports are little different from countless other activities of life. The distinction is as apparent as that between a deliberately aimed blow and the arm hailing of an athlete losing his balance. When a player balls his hand into a fist, when he　drives his helmet into an unsuspecting opponent in shorts, when he crosses the boundary between playing hard and playing to hurt he can only intend an act of violence.
　　Admittedly, rough acts in sports are difficult to police. But here, too, we find reflected the conditions of everyday life. Ambiguities in the law, confusion at the scene, and the reluctance of witnesses cloud almost any routine assault case. Such uncertainties, however, have not prevented society from arresting people who strike their fellow, citizens on the street.
　　Perhaps our troubles stem not from the games we play but rather from how we play them. The 1979 meeting between hockey (曲棍球) stars from the Soviet Union and the National Hockey League provided a direct test of two approaches to sport the emphasis on skill, grace, and　finesse (技巧) by the Russians and the stress on brutality and violence by the NHL. In a startling upset, the Russians embarrassed their rough-playing opponents and exploded a long-standing myth: that success in certain sports requires excessive violence.
　　Violence apologists cite two additional arguments. First, they say, sports always have been rough; today things are no different: But arguments in America's Old West were settled on Main Street with six guns, and early cave-dwellers chose their women with a club. Civilizing influences ended those practices; yet we are told sports violence should be tolerated. The second contention is that athletes accept risk as part of the game, and, in the case of professionals, are paid　handsomely to do so. But can anyone seriously argue that being an athlete should require the acceptance of unnecessary physical abuse? And, exaggerated as it may seem, the pay of professional athletes presumably reflects their abilities, not a payment against combat injuries.
　　"Clearly we are in deep trouble," says perplexed former football player AL DeRogais. "But how and why has it gotte