The phrase" talking shop" ( Line 4, Para. 6) probably means_________

公共英语五级

单选题The phrase" talking shop" ( Line 4, Para. 6) probably means__________

A．talking about shopping
B． discussing one's work with colleagues
C． exchanging personal news
D．talking with friends in a group

参考答案：B进入在线模考

B【解析】talk shop意为“谈公事”。

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1 Which of the statements is NOT true?

A． Astronauts have a good job which demands high.
B． The divorce rate in NASA is very low.
C． The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.
D． There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship.

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2根据下面资料，回答题
Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would de-stroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the his-toric practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice,more of a curse than a blessing.
Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women' s needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Sec-ond World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the dally or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired,refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of "protecting" their health. By validating such laws whea they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women' s competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.
Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufac-turers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic e-nough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Pro-tective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.
In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs--good health care, a decent wage,and a safe workplace--are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women' s rights for equalprotection in employment.
According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?

A． Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.
B． Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.
C． Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.
D． The health of most women factory workers improved.

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3According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most help- ful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?

A． A compartive study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.
B． An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws.
C． An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.
D．An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.

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