The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT__________.

A．insects.

B．air.

C．birds.

D．humans.

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答案解析

题干：向阳种植咖啡的方法可能对下列之外都有影响。细节题。分别定位四个选项可以定位到第三和四段，如第三段提到因为要种植咖啡树，本地的鸟类赖以筑巢和躲避捕食者的树木被砍掉了，第四段提到化肥和杀虫剂杀死了以咖啡树为食的昆虫，而鸟类吃了这些中毒的昆虫而死亡，化学物质杀死或使动物生病，然后将毒性带入到人们饮水的水域中。所以可见昆虫、鸟类和人类都受到了影响，故本题答案为B(空气)。

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1 请根据短文内容，回答题。

Washoe Learned American Sign Language

An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from
watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
The Gardners' experiment with Washoe__________.

A．began in 1969.

B．won a big prize.

C．lasted three years.

D．influenced primate research.

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2 The second paragraph mainly discusses__________.

A．a report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language.

B．the whole direction of primate research.

C．new primate researches conducted by many language scientists.

D．an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.

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3 The Gardners' experiment with Washoe was criticized because it can__________.

A．just ask some simple questions.

B．only copy teachers' sign language.

C．only memorize about 250 words.

D．just repeat short sentences.

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