According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?

A．The mice that started dieting in old age.

B．27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.

C．Calorie restriction that works in people.

D．Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.

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1 According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that__________

A．calorie restriction is very important to young people.

B．seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than normal.

C．dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.

D．drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction,

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2 请根据短文内容，回答题。

Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.
The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C0₂.
Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?

A．Because they killed off life more easily.

B．Because they were brighter.

C．Because they were larger.

D．Because they were hotter.

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3 How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?

A．By estimating how long they lasted.

B．By counting the dinosaurs they killed.

C．By studying the chemical composition of lava.

D．By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.

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