专八
The period of adolescence，i．e．，the person between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short，depending on social expectations and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood．In primitive societies adolescence i’s frequently a relatively short period of time，while in industrial societies with pattems of orolonged education coupled with laws against child labor，the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life．Furthermore，the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change．Examples of this type of change ale the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States，and more universally,the industrialization of an agricultural society．
In modem society，ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies．Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lcad to increased recogntion and social status．For example，grade school graduation，high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence，and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition，the significance of each depends on the socio．economioc status and the educational ambition of the individual．Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal defmitions of status roles，right，：privileges and responsibilities．It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty—first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted．The twelve—year—old is no longer considered a child an．．d has to pay full fare for train，airplane，theater and movie tickets．Basically，the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining sign ficant adult rights．At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which m‘crease his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices．He now Call obtain a driver's license；he can lcave public schools；and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws．At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well．as rights；the’young man can now be a soldier,but he also can marry without parental permission．At the age of twenty．one the individual obtains his full legal rights as all adult．He now can write；he can buy liquor；he can enter into financial contracts；and he is entitled to run for public office．No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained．None of these legal provisions determine at what．point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence．
The length of adolescence is decided by all of the following．EXCEPT________．
A．the definition of maturity and adulthood
B．change in social and economic conditions
C．industrialization of the society
D．development of science and technology
第一段指出现代人的青春期正在变长，一是因为：社会对于成年的定义和过去不同，二是由于社会的政治经济环境有所变化。
第二段指出过去的一些成年仪式已逐渐失去了它们的意义，取而代之的是一系列逐渐提高年轻人社会地位和社会认可度的步骤。
试题解析
D。本题的出题点在并列旬式处(and)。题干问哪一项不是决定青春期长度的因素。第一段提到，青春期的长度取决于两个因素：对成熟和成年的定义和社会政治经济条件的变化，故排除A、B。第一段段末又指出，社会的工业化进程恰是其政治经济条件变化的一个表现，故排除C。原文未提及选项D，故本题选D。
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A．steps leading to recognition
B．increased social．economic status
C．adult privileges and responsibilities
D．behavioral changes
A．12
B．16
C．18
D．21
A．He callgetmorebasic rightsthanthoseof21．
B．He will get more and more rights as he grows older and older．
C．He has no more basic rights than when he was 21．
D．He will enjoy more rights granted by society．
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中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，一切社会
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