According to the passage, the tramway and multistory parking lots are-考呗网

专八

单选题 According to the passage, the tramway and multistory parking lots are __

A．low in cost
B．cheap to use
C．dismissed by critics
D．ineffective

本题的出题点在数字处。倒数第三段指出，公共电车运输系统和多层停车场网络的建设费用和维护费用很高，但是除建设费用之外，市政厅每年还补贴六千万欧元，乘客只需支付维护费用的40％，可知其使用费用很低，故选B。

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1 The passage implies that public transport network can replace private cars if____

A．the city is not so big
B．there are more roads and streets
C．there are more public transport tools
D．there are more services near transport links

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2 "The carrot-and-stick approach" in the last paragraph means _____

A．an approach with pros and cons
B．an approach with threat and award
C．an efficient approach
D．a practical approach

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3回答题
TEXT D
　　The need for a satisfactory education is more important than ever before． Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds of landing that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened． Moreover, one's present level of education could fall well short of future career requirements．
　　It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtain increasingly higher qualifications． In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is no longer the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge． The pressure is coming from within the workplace to compete with ever more qualified job applicants,
and in many occupations one must now battle with colleagues in the reshuffle for the position one already holds．
　　Striving to become better educated is hardly a new concept． Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge． Working adults have long attended night schools and refresher courses． Competition for employment has
been around since the curse of working for a living began． Is the present situation so very different to that of the past?
　　The difference now is that the push is universal and from without as well as within． A student at secondary school receiving low grades is no longer as easily accepted by his or her peers as was once the case． Similarly, in the workplace, unless employees are engaged in part-time study, they may be frowned upon by their employers and peers and have difficulty even standing still． In fact, in these cases, the expectation is for careers to go backwards and earning capacity to take an appreciable nosedive．
　　At first glance, the situation would seem to be laudable--a positive response to the exhortation by a former Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, for Australia to become the "clever country"． Yet there are serious ramifications according to at least one educational psychologist． Dr Brendan Gatsby has caused some controversy in academic circles by suggesting that a bias towards what he terms paper excellence might cause
more problems than it is supposed to solve． Gatsby raises a number of issues that affect the individual as well as society in general．
　　Firstly, he believes the extra workload involved is resulting in abnormally high stress levels in both students at secondary school and adults studying after working hours． Secondly, skills which might be more relevant to the undertaking of a sought-after job are being overlooked by employers interviewing candidates without
qualifications on paper． These two areas of concern for the individual are causing physical and emotional stress respectively．
　　Gatsby also argues that there are attitudinal changes within society to the exalted role education now plays in determining how the spoils of working life are distributed． Individuals of all ages are being driven by social pressures to achieve academic success solely for monetary considerations instead of for the joy of enlightenment． There is the danger that some universities are becoming degree factories with an attendant drop in standards． Furthermore, our education system may be rewarding doggedne~s above creativity--the very thing Australians have
been encouraged to avoid． But the most undesirable effect of this academic paper chase, Gatsby says, is the disadvantage "user pays" higher education confers on the poor, who invariably lose out to the more financially favored．
　　Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsby's comments regarding university standards have been roundly criticized as alarmist by most educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australia's education system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of any in the world．

What makes higher qualifications important?

A．Pressure of competition．
B．Thirst for knowledge．
C．Development oftecimology．
D．Employers' bias．

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