考研英语

简答题 __________

参考答案:暂无进入在线模考
The question now is how far Zara,which runs almost no advertising outside of its biannual storewide sales,can go with the concept of design Off demand retailing.
【句型结构】句子主语是the question,谓语be动词,表语是how引导的表语从句,how far Zara...can go with…,中间which引导的定语从句修饰Zara。
【词汇翻译】how far Zara can go with the concept of design on demand retailing。“how far Zara can 90”,意为“Zara能够走多远”;the concept of design on demand retailing,根据上 文内容,指的就是custom.made retailing,即“按客户需求设计的零售模式”。which runs almost no advertising outside of its biannual storewide scales,这里的“outside of”相当于“except”,
“除了”的意思。“biannual”,即“每年两次的”,storewide sales,即“店内减价/促销”。
【译文】现在就看在每年两次的店内减价以外就几乎没有任何外部广告的情况下,Zara的按客户需求设计的零售模式能取得多大成就了。
参考译文
早在新经济制造出速度、定制化、供应链管理和信息共享这些流行词汇之前,西班牙服装零售商Zara就已经开始进行自己的革命了。通过把最新的时尚趋势转化为15天之内就能制造出来的设计方案和每周两次送货到店里的方式,Zara引领了一种全新的快速、客户定制性零售方式,这种方式使得本来名不见经传的小店变成了全球的领头羊。在高盛公司工作的欧洲零售业分析家凯斯.威尔斯说,没有任何公司可以那么快地把新款衣服送进商店。“除非你能做到这样,否则l0年内你就没有生意可做了。”
Zara作为私人纺织品公司Inditex的旗舰商店,不仅通过把设计和生产体系紧密地结合起来而使自己表现卓越,而且它的服装还填补了一个空白的市场。高盛公司的一位分析家说:“每一件衣服的价格都很适中。”这一秘诀好像有了回报:Zara占有Inditex公司收入的将近80%,它在1975年开设了第一家店,随后在25个国家开设了400多家店铺。Zara的母公司去年销售额达到20亿美元,比1998年提高了26%。去年公司利润提高了34%,达到l.86亿美元。
Zara的竞争优势来自高效利用信息和科技手段。它所有的分店都通过电脑与坐落在西班牙西北海岸中等城市拉科鲁尼亚的总部相连。店铺经理对产品销售进行监控并把这一信息连同客户的订单要求一起发送到总部。高盛的威尔斯说:“店铺经理的作用远远超过Gap和H&M公司。”与在全球旅行以寻找新的时尚点子的采风员一起,店铺经理确保设计师能够获得实时信息,同时和商业团队一起决定一款新衣服的用料、剪裁和价格定位。
此外,Inditex公司的生产体系真正让Zara在竞争中胜出。Gap和HSaM公司都把大部分衣服放到海外制作,而Zara却把60%的衣服放在国内制作。来自西班牙、远东、印度和摩洛哥的布料在公司旗下技术最先进的工厂进行剪裁和染色。然后,通过从各个分店收集来的信息,生产经理决定生产多少衣服和哪些分店将得到这些衣服。最后,布料被送到当地的商店组装成衣,然后再运往世界各地。这就意味着Zara可以几乎没有库存,而且每周两次有新品到店,相比之下,它的竞争对手通常要6个星期才能有新品到店。
现在就看Zara的按客户需求设计的零售模式能取得多大成就了,Zara除了每年两次的店内减价以外几乎没有任何其他广告。该连锁品牌在南美和欧洲颇为有名,现在它正在德国扩张(国外销售量占到其销售量总额的50%)。在美国它就没有那么有名了,在纽约地区只有6家分店。
但是不要低估了这个西班牙大公司,最近它宣布寻求上市,很可能让Zara攻占新的市场只是个时间问题。

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3根据以下资料回答 :
  California is having problems with its death penalty.It hasn’t executed anyone since 2006,when a federal court ruled that its method of lethal injection was improper and could  cause excessive pain.The state spent five years coming up with a better method——and last month,a judge threw that one out t00.One indication of just how encumbered California’s capital—punishment system is:the prisoner who brought the latest lethal—injection challenge has been on death row for 24 years.
  It isn’t just California.The Death Penalty Information Center reported last month that the number of new death sentences nationally was down sharply in 2011,dropping below 100 for the first time in decades.It also reported that executions were plummeting_______down 56% since 1999.
  There has long been an idea about how the death penalty would end in the U.S.:the Supreme Court would hand down a sweeping ruling saying it is unconstitutional in all cases.
But that is not what is happening.Instead of top—down abolition.we seem to be getting it from the bottom up-governors,state legislatures,judges and juries quietly deciding not to support capital punishment.New Jersey abolished its death penalty in 2007.New Mexico abolished its death penalty in 2009.There are now l6 states—0r about one—third of the country—that have abolished capital punishment.
  There are several reasons we seem to be moving toward de facto abolition of the death penalty.A major one has been the growing number of prisoners on death row who have been exonerated——139 and counting since 1973,according to a list maintained by the Death Penalty Information Center.Even many people who support capital punishment in theory balk when they are confronted with clear evidence that innocent people are being sentenced to death.
  Another factor is cost.Money is tight these days.and more attention is being paid to just how expensive death.penalty cases are.A 2008 study found that California was spending $137 million on capital cases—a sizable outlay,particularly since it was not putting anyone to death.
  According to the polls,a majority of the country has not yet turned against the death penalty——but support is slipping.In l994,80%of respondents in a Gallup poll said they supported the death penalty for someone convicted of murder.In 2001,just 61%did.In polls where respondents are given a choice between the death penalty or life without parole and restitution,a majority has gone with the non-death option.
  Many opponents of the death penalty are still hoping for a sweeping Supreme Court ruling,and there is no denying that it would have unique force.Five Justices,with a stroke of their pens.could end capital punishment nationwide.But bottom—up,gradual abolition has other advantages.What we are seeing is not a small group of judges setting policy.It is a large number of Americans gradually losing their enthusiasm for putting people to death.
The top—down abolition in Paragraph 3 refers to______.

A.the abolition of death penalty on a national scale
B.the abolition of death penalty decided by the supreme court
C.the abolition of death penalty at state level
D.the abolition of death penalty by referendum